Comparison of forward versus backward walking on spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters on sand: A preliminary study

Yun, Seong Ho; Cho, Min Jye; Kwon, Jung Won

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110876

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Sand surfaces (SAND) are a demanding exercise surface. Research evidence suggests that a higher energy cost is required for running [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], walking [ 6 , 7 ], sprinting [ 8 , 9 ] and jumping [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] on SAND compared to rigid (RIGID) surfaces. Despite the higher energy cost, training on SAND causes positive adaptations in key strength and conditioning factors such as aerobic endurance, concentric strength of the leg extensor muscles and agility in a variety of sport disciplines [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop Jumping on Sand Is Characterized by Lower Power, Higher Rate of Force Development and Larger Knee Joint Range of Motion

Giatsis

Panoutsakopoulos

Kollias

2022

JFMK

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Plyometric training on sand is suggested to result in advanced performance in vertical jumping. However, limited information exists concerning the biomechanics of drop jumps (DJ) on sand. The purpose of the study was to compare the biomechanical parameters of DJs executed on rigid (RIGID) and sand (SAND) surface. Sixteen high level male beach-volleyball players executed DJ from 40 cm on RIGID and SAND. Force- and video-recordings were analyzed to extract the kinetic and kinematic parameters of the DJ. Results of paired-samples t-tests revealed that DJ on SAND had significantly (p < 0.05) lower jumping height, peak vertical ground reaction force, power, peak leg stiffness and peak ankle flexion angular velocity than RIGID. In addition, DJ on SAND was characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) larger rate of force development and knee joint flexion in the downward phase. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed for the temporal parameters. The compliance of SAND decreases the efficiency of the mechanisms involved in the optimization of DJ performance. Nevertheless, SAND comprises an exercise surface with less loading during the eccentric phase of the DJ, thus it can be considered as a surface that can offer injury prevention under demands for large energy expenditure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop Jumping on Sand Is Characterized by Lower Power, Higher Rate of Force Development and Larger Knee Joint Range of Motion

Giatsis

Panoutsakopoulos

Kollias

2022

JFMK

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Quantification of gait characteristics and muscle activation in patients with chronic ankle instability during walking on sand: A randomized crossover trial

Lee,

Shin

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the movement control patterns of individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) during sand walking. This study aimed to analyze gait characteristics and muscle activation in patients with CAI while walking on sand. Methods: This study recruited 30 participants, including 15 patients with CAI and 15 healthy controls. Patients with CAI were selected based on having experienced at least a lateral ankle sprain within 12 months before recruitment. They also had to scoring ≤ 27 on the Cumberland ankle instability tool. This study was conducted using a randomized crossover trial. All participants were asked to walk three times each at their natural speed on both sand and paving blocks for a distance of 50m. There was at least a week between each trial. Results: The lower limb gait kinematics, spatiotemporal, and muscle activity parameters while walking on sand and paving blocks were compared between both groups. Significant differences in knee angle were observed between 60.83% and 75.34% of the gait cycle during walking on sand in the patients with CAI. Regarding spatiotemporal parameters, cadence (P = .001) and stride length (P = .049) showed significant differences as the main effect. In the CAI group, the recruitment threshold for the peroneus longus muscle was significantly lower during walking on sand than on paving blocks (P < .001). In contrast, the motor unit action potential (MUAP) was significantly higher (P < .001). For the tibialis anterior muscle, the recruitment threshold and number of motor units were significantly lower during walking on sand than on paving blocks (P = .006 and P = .003, respectively), and the MUAP was significantly higher (P < .001). During walking on sand, patients with CAI exhibited increased knee flexion angle, stride length, and MUAP, along with decreased cadence and recruitment thresholds. Conclusion: These results suggest that sand can influence gait characteristics and muscle activation in patients with CAI. Our findings indicate that gait characteristics and muscle activation changes in patients with CAI could potentially benefit CAI rehabilitation.

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Effect of Aging on the Trunk and Lower Limb Kinematics during Gait on a Compliant Surface in Healthy Individuals

2023

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Older adults have a smaller effective living space and reduced physical activity. Although walking ability in various living spaces is necessary to maintain a healthy life and a high level of physical activity, it is unclear how older adults adapt to compliant surfaces when walking. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the trunk and lower limb kinematics while walking on a level versus compliant surface, and the effect of aging on these kinematic changes. Twenty-two healthy individuals (aged from 20–80 years) were asked to walk along a 7-m walkway at a comfortable speed on a level and compliant surface. Gait kinematics were measured using a three-dimensional camera-based motion analysis system. We found that knee and hip flexion and ankle plantarflexion angles in the early stance phase and thoracic flexion angle throughout the gait cycle were significantly increased when walking on a compliant surface versus a level surface. The change in the thoracic flexion angle, ankle plantarflexion angle, and cadence between level and compliant surfaces was significantly correlated with age. Therefore, older adults use increased thoracic flexion and ankle plantarflexion angles along with a higher cadence to navigate compliant surfaces.

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Comparison of forward versus backward walking on spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters on sand: A preliminary study

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Drop Jumping on Sand Is Characterized by Lower Power, Higher Rate of Force Development and Larger Knee Joint Range of Motion

Drop Jumping on Sand Is Characterized by Lower Power, Higher Rate of Force Development and Larger Knee Joint Range of Motion

Quantification of gait characteristics and muscle activation in patients with chronic ankle instability during walking on sand: A randomized crossover trial

Effect of Aging on the Trunk and Lower Limb Kinematics during Gait on a Compliant Surface in Healthy Individuals

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