Comparison of four ultrasonographic approaches for the diagnosis ofacquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia in Bovidae

Kumar, Ashwani; Sangwan, Vandana; Mohindroo, J.; Saini, Neetu; Singh, Sukhvinder

doi:10.3906/vet-1604-94

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although no reticular motility within the chest was observed, visualization of the reticulum adjacent to the heart and lung was a determining finding for the diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia. These findings were similar to those observed in other studies (Abdelaal et al 2014, Kumar et al 2017.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…There are no studies in the literature comparing the ultrasound diagnosis of diaphragmatic reticular hernia with necropsy images in cattle, thus, this is the first study to confirm the ultrasound images of cattle with reticular diaphragmatic hernia through the observation of anatomopathological lesions. However, Kumar & Saini (2011), Kumar et al (2017) confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis of RDH through exploratory laparotomy and the observations of these authors were similar to those observed in this study. Both in the exploratory laparotomy performed by Kumar & Saini (2011), Kumar et al (2017) and in the necropsy of the cattle in this study, a herniary ring in the diaphragm and herniated reticulum into the chest cavity were observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The absence of a reticulum motility pattern within the thoracic cavity could be attributed to reticulum entrapment or the presence of strong peri-reticular adhesions (Athar et al 2010, Kumar et al 2017). However, although some authors consider that reticular motility within the chest is a decisive finding for the correct diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia (Mohindroo et al 2007, Athar et al 2010, Kumar & Saini 2011, false positive diagnoses were reported in animals that presented reticular motility at the level of the fifth intercostal space due to cranial displacement of the reticulum caused by abdominal distension (Athar et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia in bovines

et al. 2021

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A reticular diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital or acquired alteration resulting from protrusion of the reticulum into the thoracic cavity. In ruminants, lesions to the diaphragmatic muscle, due to penetration of sharp metallic objects, is the most common cause of this disease. Therefore, given the low number of reports on this disease in the bovine species, the current study aims to describe the clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings, with special emphasis on the ultrasound diagnosis of five cattle with reticular diaphragmatic hernia. The laboratory data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and clinical, ultrasound, and pathological findings were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Clinically the animals exhibited varying degrees of dehydration, abdominal distension, tympany, and alterations in ruminal motility, in addition to cardiorespiratory alterations such as murmur, dyspnea, and muffling of lung sounds. The laboratory examination showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia. The ultrasonographic images demonstrated reticulum inside the thoracic cavity adjacent to the lung and heart, although no reticular motility was observed. The pathological lesions confirmed the findings of the ultrasound exams. Thus, the current study demonstrated that ultrasonography was efficient in diagnosing reticular diaphragmatic hernia in the bovine species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia in bovines

et al. 2021

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“…The findings are also in agreement with the findings of Mohindroo et al, (2007). Kumar et al, (2017) reported that ultrasonography was effective in diagnosing diaphragmatic hernia by using the cranial thoracic approach especially if there is in case extensive herniation of reticulum. This approach is better than using the caudal thoracic approach.…”

Section: Treatment a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound and Radiographic Imaging Diagnosis of Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Transition Cow: A Case Report

et al. 2020

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A four and half-year-old recently calved cross breed Jersey cow was presented with the clinical signs of anorexia, recurrent bloat, bruxism and not voided dung for the past one week. Clinical examination revealed congested mucous membrane, sunken eyeball, and severely distended lower abdomen; clinically, bloat was evident. On Auscultation of heart at 4th intercoastal space, low-intensity heart sounds were heard. Rectal examination revealed scanty foul-smelling dung with blood tinge. In an attempt to relieve the bloat rumen stomach was intubated, which failed to relieve the gas. The clinical suspicion pointed to the possibility of foreign body syndrome. Hence radiography was done by keeping the animal in standing position; however it revealed no clear contour of heart, reticulum, and diaphragm; another attempt was made, wherein the animal was cast on right lateral recumbency and radiography was done at 90-100 kVp, 50-60 mAs and a focus film distance of 90-100 cm using an 800 mA X-ray machine. As we would not get any diagnostic confirmation findings in radiography, an ultrasonographic assessment was planned. Ultrasonography was done with (Esoate Mylab 1) 2.5. to 5 MHz curvy linear transducer. Ultrasound examination of the heart (Venkatesan et al., 2019) and reticulum (Braun et al., 1993) was done at the left side between 4th to 5th intercostal space of thoracic cavity using the window between 6th to 8th intercoastal in the abdominal cavity. Physical examination revealed a dull and depressed animal; distended left flank, moderate dehydration, elevated rectal temperature (40°C), low-intensity heart sounds with a normal heart rate was observed. Hematology was unremarkable; smear study was negative for blood parasites.

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“…[ 22 ] made the center of the radiographic beam for radiography of the reticular region at the 8 th rib in cattle. This centering at the 8 th rib may be better for the complete visualization of the reticulum, but the part cranial to or at the diaphragm is compromised which otherwise may be required for the diagnosis of reticulodiaphragmatic hernia [ 16 ] or to detect an SMFB lying at the diaphragm. Multiple radiographic views were done in this study, to rule out all the possibilities to detect a foreign body on a radiograph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic prediction of metallic foreign body penetration in the reticulum of cows and buffaloes

Makhdoomi¹,

Sangwan²,

Kumar³

2018

Vet World

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AimThis study aimed to evaluate the role of radiography in the standing (right and left) and recumbent (right) lateral positions for the detection and prediction of metallic foreign body penetration in the reticular wall.Materials and MethodsA total of 41 bovines (23 cows and 18 buffaloes) having at least one sharp metallic foreign body (>1 cm) detected on reticular radiographs were investigated, and their extent of penetration in the reticular wall was confirmed on the left flank laparorumenotomy.ResultsOf total sharp metallic foreign bodies retrieved on rumenotomy, the maximum percent were detected on the right recumbent radiographic view (75.00% in cows and 57.14% in buffaloes) compared to the right standing (54.38% in cows and 40.42% in buffaloes) and left standing (51.06% in cows and 27.08% in buffaloes) radiographic views. The presence of gas pocket or nodule adjoining a foreign body, faintly visible foreign body, foreign body that appeared partially or completely out of the reticulum, and foreign body that appeared parallel, into, or directed toward the diaphragm indicated a high probability in the prediction of penetrating foreign body in the left standing (100%) followed by the right recumbent (85.71% in cattle and 90% in buffaloes) and right standing (94.74% in cattle and 55.56% in buffaloes) radiographic views.ConclusionThe right recumbent radiographic view is most reliable to detect sharp metallic foreign bodies in bovine. Buffaloes engulf more number of foreign bodies; however, comparatively, the number of completely or partially penetrating foreign bodies is high in cattle. The hypothesized radiographic parameters for the prediction of penetrability of the metallic foreign body were 100% reliable in the left standing radiographic view in both the species.

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Comparison of four ultrasonographic approaches for the diagnosis ofacquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia in Bovidae

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrasound diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia in bovines

Ultrasound diagnosis of reticular diaphragmatic hernia in bovines

Ultrasound and Radiographic Imaging Diagnosis of Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Transition Cow: A Case Report

Radiographic prediction of metallic foreign body penetration in the reticulum of cows and buffaloes

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