Comparison of Free and Fast Speed Walking Patterns of Normal Men

Murray, M P; Kory, Ross C.; Clarkson, B H; Sepic, S B

doi:10.1097/00002060-196602000-00002

Cited by 299 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This point will be further discussed later. The results of EMG activity for the normal subjects are in concordance with those obtained in other studies 17,18,22,40 and have extended the knowledge about the timing of activation for the four studied muscles to speeds as low as 0.1 m/s. For most of the SCI subjects in this study, neural deficits resulted in changes in the muscle activation profiles, particularly in extensor muscles (SOL and VL).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar results have previously been reported for normal subjects. [18][19][20][21] The SCI group had larger hip excursion values than the normal group at each of the speeds, this difference was larger at a treadmill speed of 0.5 m/s compared with 0.1 m/s. Further, the values reached for hip excursion at 0.3 m/s in SCI subjects were almost the same as those reached by normal subjects at 1.0 m/s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adaptation is generally obtained by increasing the cadence (stride frequency) and the stride length simultaneously, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] although it is possible to adapt somewhat by modifying only one aspect. 15 The adaptation to higher walking speeds also includes greater joint angular excursions, [17][18][19][20][21] and changes in the timing or in the amplitude of the activity of muscles controlling lower limb joints. 17,[22][23] Gait impairments resulting from neurological injuries or disorders are usually determined by comparing the gait of neurologically impaired subjects to that of normal subjects walking at their preferred speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

2003

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Walking in spinal-cord-injured (SCI) subjects is usually achieved at a lower speed than in normal subjects. Study design/methods: Time and distance parameters, angular displacements of lower limbs and electromyographic (EMG) activity were measured for seven normal and seven SCI subjects at several walking speeds. Analyses of variance were used for comparing groups and speeds. Objectives: First, to measure the adaptability of SCI subjects' walking pattern to different speeds (0.1-1.0 m/s), and to compare it to that of normal subjects. Second, to characterize SCI subjects' walking pattern as compared to that of normal subjects at a matched treadmill speed (0.3 m/s). Setting: University-Based Human Gait Laboratory, Montreal, Canada. Results: SCI subjects' pattern adapted to a limited range of speeds. Longer cycle duration, flexed knee at foot contact, increased hip joint flexion at foot contact and during swing, and altered coordination of hip and knee joints were found for the SCI group. At all speeds, duration of muscle activity was longer in the SCI group and the increase in amplitude of soleus EMG activity at higher speeds was not specific to push-off. The importance of matching the walking speed of SCI and normal subjects in order to differentiate the features that are a consequence of SCI subjects' reduced walking speed rather than a direct consequence of the injury is demonstrated. Conclusions: All SCI subjects could adapt to a narrow range of speeds and only three could reach the maximal tested speed. This limited maximal speed seems to be a consequence of SCI subjects having reached their limit in increasing stride length and not being able to increase stride frequency further. This limitation in increasing stride frequency is likely because of the altered neural drive. Sponsorship: Neuroscience Network of the Canadian Centre of Excellence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

2003

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“…There have been numerous studies on the effects of walking speed on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics [1][2]4,6,[16][17][18]. Despite increases in the number of studies using multi-segment foot models, few studies have examined changes in multi-segment foot kinematics as a function of walking speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Walking Speed on Adult Multi-segment Foot Kinematics

Chester¹

2015

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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It has recently been shown that gait speed has an effect on multi-segment foot kinematics. To increase our understanding of these effects, it is critical to compare and develop a database of walking speed ranges. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of walking speed on multi-segment foot kinematics. A 12-camera Vicon motion capture system was used to collect kinematic data on 22 participants (mean age: 23 ± 2.6 years). Participants were asked to walk at 5 gait speeds; very slow, slow, free, fast, and very fast. Across speeds, significant differences were found in all absolute angles, 6 of 9 relative mean maximum angles, 11 of 13 timing to the maximum angles, and all temporal-spatial variables analysed. These findings suggest that clinical gait data that uses multi-segment foot models should be matched to a control group walking at a similar speed.

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“…Stride length is defined as the linear displacement in the direction of progression between successive points of foot-to-floor contact of the same foot (Murray, Kory, and Clarkson, 1966). Stride length has played a key role in gait analysis (Ohmichi and Miyashita, 1983).…”

Section: Biomechanics Of the Human Gaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of age on stress and the biomechanics of slips and falls

Davis¹,

Lockhart²

2003

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Research has shown that older adults who have experienced a previous fall are 60-70% more likely to suffer future falls. A study was conducted to investigate if stress and anxiety associated with a fear of falling contributes to the increased incidents of falls among older adults. The investigation compared physiological parameters, with biomechanical parameters of walking for twenty-eight participants in two age groups:(18-35) and (65 or older). Both age groups were evaluated while walking over dry and slippery floor surfaces. Biomechanical parameters included: step length, required coefficient of friction (RCOF), slip distance, and heel contact velocity. Physiological parameters included: stress and anxiety.Overall, the results indicated that there were differences between older and younger adult's biomechanical parameters of walking, and their physiological stress and anxiety associated with an inadvertent slip. Younger adult's normal RCOF was higher and their normal step length was longer compared to older adults. Older adult's stress level after a slip was significantly higher than younger adults. However, younger and older adult's anxiety scores were not significantly different. Furthermore, younger and older adults modified their step length differently to avoid slipping, when walking over the slippery floor surface. It was concluded that some anxiety and stress may be beneficial in reducing the occurrence of inadvertent slips and falls due to an increased awareness of one's external environment.

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Comparison of Free and Fast Speed Walking Patterns of Normal Men

Cited by 299 publications

References 4 publications

Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

The Effects of Walking Speed on Adult Multi-segment Foot Kinematics

The effects of age on stress and the biomechanics of slips and falls

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