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IntroductionMajor methodological issues with the existing algorithm (WBreath) used for the analysis of speed‐of‐sound‐based infant sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple‐breath washout (MBW) measurements lead to implausible results and complicate the comparison between different age groups and centers.MethodsWe developed OASIS—a novel algorithm to analyze speed‐of‐sound‐based infant SF6 MBW measurements. This algorithm uses known context of the measurements to replace the dependence of WBreath on model input parameters. We validated the functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement accuracy of this new algorithm in vitro, and investigated its use in existing infant MBW data sets from different infant cohorts from Switzerland and South Africa.ResultsIn vitro, OASIS managed to outperform WBreath at FRC measurement accuracy, lowering mean (SD) absolute error from 5.1 (3.2) % to 2.1 (1.6) % across volumes relevant for the infant age range, in variable temperature, respiratory rate, tidal volume and ventilation inhomogeneity conditions. We showed that changes in the input parameters to WBreath had a major impact on MBW results, a methodological drawback which does not exist in the new algorithm. OASIS produced more plausible results than WBreath in longitudinal tracking of lung clearance index (LCI), provided improved measurement stability in LCI over time, and improved comparability between centers.DiscussionThis new algorithm represents a meaningful advance in obtaining results from a legacy system of lung function measurement by allowing a single method to analyze measurements from different age groups and centers.
IntroductionMajor methodological issues with the existing algorithm (WBreath) used for the analysis of speed‐of‐sound‐based infant sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple‐breath washout (MBW) measurements lead to implausible results and complicate the comparison between different age groups and centers.MethodsWe developed OASIS—a novel algorithm to analyze speed‐of‐sound‐based infant SF6 MBW measurements. This algorithm uses known context of the measurements to replace the dependence of WBreath on model input parameters. We validated the functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement accuracy of this new algorithm in vitro, and investigated its use in existing infant MBW data sets from different infant cohorts from Switzerland and South Africa.ResultsIn vitro, OASIS managed to outperform WBreath at FRC measurement accuracy, lowering mean (SD) absolute error from 5.1 (3.2) % to 2.1 (1.6) % across volumes relevant for the infant age range, in variable temperature, respiratory rate, tidal volume and ventilation inhomogeneity conditions. We showed that changes in the input parameters to WBreath had a major impact on MBW results, a methodological drawback which does not exist in the new algorithm. OASIS produced more plausible results than WBreath in longitudinal tracking of lung clearance index (LCI), provided improved measurement stability in LCI over time, and improved comparability between centers.DiscussionThis new algorithm represents a meaningful advance in obtaining results from a legacy system of lung function measurement by allowing a single method to analyze measurements from different age groups and centers.
Objective. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple-breath washout (MBW) assesses ventilation inhomogeneity, as an early marker of obstructive respiratory diseases. Primary outcomes are customarily washout-derived, and it is unclear whether the preceding SF6-washin can provide similar estimates. We aimed to assess comparability of primary SF6-MBW outcomes between washin and washout phases of infant SF6-MBW data measured with the WBreath (ndd Medizintechnik AG, Zurich, Switzerland) and Spiroware (Eco Medics AG, Duernten, Switzerland) MBW-setups, respectively. 
Approach. We assessed mean relative differences in lung clearance index (LCI) and functional residual capacity (FRC) between the washin and washout of existing SF6-MBW data from healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed whether these differences exceeded the mean relative within-test between-trial differences of washout-derived outcomes, which can be attributed to natural variability. We also explored non-physiological factors using a pediatric lung simulator. 
Main results. LCI and FRC from washin and washout were not comparable, for both setups. The mean difference (SD) in LCI between washin and washout was 2.3(10.8)% for WBreath and -9.7(8.0)% for Spiroware, while in FRC it was -4.7(7.8)% for WBreath and -2.3(9.7)% for Spiroware. These differences exceeded the within-test between-trial differences in washout-derived outcomes. Outcomes from washin and washout were also not comparable in a pediatric lung simulator.
Significance. Outcomes of the washin and washout were not comparable due to an interplay of physiological and non-physiological factors, and cannot be used interchangeably.
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