Comparison of future energy scenarios for Denmark: IDA 2050, CEESA (Coherent Energy and Environmental System Analysis), and Climate Commission 2050

System and market integration of wind power in Denmark

“…Elements of this research include flexibility in the production system, flexibility in demand [11] [12,13], flexibility by using storage systems [14], impacts on the grid [15][16][17][18] and improved integration between energy sectors, as deliberated in a series of articles [19][20][21][22][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Holistic energy systems analyses encompassing both technologies with a fluctuating nature and technologies adding flexibility [33][34][35] [36][37][38][39][40][41] also present work which may effectively be labelled smart grids, but as argued more explicitly in [42], there is a need for a transition to smart energy systems, not just smart grids, and framework conditions including market constructs need to adapt to the needs of more flexible systems [43]. In terms of wind power integration, the referenced work addresses many of the technical challenges associated with large-scale wind power integration.…”

“…Already now, the power and heating sectors are well integrated in Denmark. Going from the current system to a 100 per cent renewable energy system in 2050 would require a focus on smart energy systems instead of just smart grids [41]. It is necessary to continue implementing sector integration, as this provides new opportunities for flexibility and storage or for moving demands in the energy system.…”

Environmental performance of Miscanthus as a fuel alternative for district heat production

“…Sperling and M€ oller [24] and Parajuli [25] further mentioned that over the last few decades, expansion of CHP plants and maintaining the demand of district heating through them have played important role in the Danish sustainable energy management [25]. The 100% renewable energy goal of Denmark, aimed to reach by the year 2050, since is expected to have high shares of fluctuating renewable energy technologies, such as Wind power [26], diversification and use of biomasses in the total energy mix is important, in particular to satisfy the demand of energy in different sectors including the heat and power production [15,27]. The most common biomass sources in Denmark can be listed as lignocellulosic biomass (e.g.…”

Assessment and evaluation of flexible demand in a Danish future energy scenario

“…Among the scenarios, the recommended 2050 scenario which assumes ambitious international framework and limited biomass consumption (referred to as CC2050 henceforth) is selected for this research. In the CC2050, the Climate Commission lists flexible demand as a necessary component in the future Danish energy system without, however, quantifying the potential available amounts nor the required amounts of flexibility in a 100% RES-based energy system [26,27].…”