Comparison of GAD65 and 67 Immunoreactivity in the Lumbar Spinal Cord Between Young Adult and Aged Dogs

Lee, Hyun Joo; Choi, Jung Hoon; Ahn, Ji Hyeon; Lee, Choong Hyun; Yoo, Ki‐Yeon; Hwang, In Koo; Kim, Jin Sang; Kim, Choonghyo; Lee, Yun Lyul; Shin, Hyung‐Cheul; Won, Moo‐Ho

doi:10.1007/s11064-010-0361-6

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It was reported that not marked loss of neurons in the aged spinal cords of dog [2122]. In addition, we hardly observed F-J B stained neuron in the both cervical and lumbar region of adult and aged spinal cords.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Age-related change of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cord

et al. 2017

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In the present study, we examined change of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cords. Significant change of morphological feature and neuronal cell loss were not observed in both adult and aged spinal cords of gerbil after NeuN immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluoresce staining. Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia broadly distributed in the spinal cord. Most of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia showed ramified forms in the adult gerbil cervical and lumbar spinal cords. However, morphological changes of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia were observed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the aged gerbil spinal cord. These microglia were showed a hypertrophied body with shortened swollen processes which was characteristic of activated microglia. In addition, Iba-1 protein level significantly higher in aged cervical and lumbar spinal cords than those in the adult gerbil. The present study showed an increase of activated forms of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia and its protein level without marked changes in morphological features and neuronal loss in the aged spinal cord compared to those in the adult gerbil spinal cord. This result suggests that the increase of Iba-1 expression in the aged spinal cord may be closely associated with age-related changes in aged gerbil spinal cord.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…It has reported that microglial activation was increased in the spinal cords without neuronal loss in mice and dogs [2227]. Age related degenerative process in the spinal cord is accompanied by changes in various factors such as neurotransmitters, hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammation [2829303132].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related change of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cord

et al. 2017

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“…Similarly, in other organs such as the heart, the amount of caspase-dependent (120-kDa) form of aII-spectrin cleavage is 17% higher in 36-month hearts than in the 6-month hearts of F344XBN rats [2]. Recently, we did not observe any significant changes in the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord between adult and aged dogs [27][28][29]. However, it was reported that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), a cytoskeleton, was age-dependently decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex in the aging model such as senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 strain and MAP2 immunoreactive and levels were decreased in the spinal cord of the aged dog [12,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In both adult and aged groups, we found that the staining pattern and number of NeuN (a marker for neurons) immunoreactive neurons were similar in both groups [27][28][29].…”

Section: Neun Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…These animals, which have given three paper [27][28][29], did not show any clinical nor any other signs in neural disorders. The handling and the care of the animals conformed to the guidelines established in order to comply with current international laws and policies (NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, NIH Publication No.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Increased Immunoreactivities of Cleaved αII-Spectrin and Cleaved Caspase-3 in the Aged Dog Spinal Cord

et al. 2011

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The activation of caspase-3 is considered to be a reliable marker for apoptotic cell death, and a 120-kDa fragment of αII-spectrin is generated by caspase-3 mediated cleavage of this structural protein. In the present study, we compared cleaved αII-spectrin (120-kDa) and cleaved caspase-3-immunoreactive cells and their protein levels in the cervical (C₅-C₆) and lumbar (L₃-L₄) levels of the spinal cord in adult (1-2 year-old) and aged (10-12 year-old) dogs (German shepherds). Weak cleaved αII-spectrin and cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity was found in neurons of the adult group; however, their immunoreactivity was distinctively increased in the neuronal cytoplasm in the aged group compared to those in the adult group, although the distribution pattern of their neurons was similar between the adult and age group. In addition, cleaved αII-spectrin and cleaved caspase-3 levels in the aged spinal cord were markedly increased compared to those in the adult group. These findings suggest that the increases of cleaved αII-spectrin and cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity may be related to aging of the spinal cord in dogs.

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Cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways linking bitter taste receptor signalling to cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases

2022

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Heart diseases and related complications constitute a leading cause of death and socioeconomic threat worldwide. Despite intense efforts and research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Several lines of evidence indicate a critical role of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the development and progression of heart diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery that drives cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress is not completely known. Recent data suggest an important role of cardiac bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in the pathogenetic mechanism of heart diseases. Independent groups of researchers have demonstrated a central role of TAS2Rs in mediating inflammatory, oxidative stress responses, autophagy, impulse generation/propagation and contractile activities in the heart, suggesting that dysfunctional TAS2R signalling may predispose to cardiac inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, characterised by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. Moreover, cardiac TAS2Rs act as gateway surveillance units that monitor and detect toxigenic or pathogenic molecules, including microbial components, and initiate responses that ultimately culminate in protection of the host against the aggression. Unfortunately, however, the molecular mechanisms that link TAS2R sensing of the cardiac milieu to inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are not clearly known. Therefore, we sought to review the possible role of TAS2R signalling in the pathophysiology of cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Potential therapeutic significance of targeting TAS2R or its downstream signalling molecules in cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction is also discussed.

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Comparison of GAD65 and 67 Immunoreactivity in the Lumbar Spinal Cord Between Young Adult and Aged Dogs

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Age-related change of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cord

Age-related change of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cord

Increased Immunoreactivities of Cleaved αII-Spectrin and Cleaved Caspase-3 in the Aged Dog Spinal Cord

Cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways linking bitter taste receptor signalling to cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases

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