Comparison of gingiva‐derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteogenesis

Abstract

Presently, bone marrow is considered as a prime source of mesenchymal stem cells; however, there are some drawbacks and limitations. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are abundant and easy to obtain through minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. In this study, MSCs derived from gingiva and bone marrow were isolated and cultured from mice. GMSCs were characterized by osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and flow cytometry. Compared with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the proliferation capacity was judged by CCK‐8 proliferation assay. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by ALP staining, ALP assay and Alizarin red staining. RT‐qPCR was performed for ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2. The results indicated that GMSCs showed higher proliferative capacity than BMSCs. GMSCs turned more positive for ALP and formed a more number of mineralized nodules than BMSCs after osteogenic induction. RT‐qPCR revealed that the expression of ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2 was significantly increased in the GMSCs compared with that in BMSCs. Moreover, it was found that the number of CD90‐positive cells in GMSCs elevated more than that of BMSCs during osteogenic induction. Taking these results together, it was indicated that GMSCs might be a promising source in the future bone tissue engineering.

The relationship between synovial inflammation, structural pathology, and pain in post-traumatic osteoarthritis: differential effect of stem cell and hyaluronan treatment

“…Whether this relates to bona fide differences in therapeutic efficacy between MSCs derived from different tissues is unclear. MSCs are defined by the characteristics of self-renewal and multi-potent differentiation; however, cells from different strains of mice [43], different tissues [44], and tissue sites [45] within mice, and even subpopulations within a single tissue [46], show variability in their differentiation potential and associated cell-surface markers. The multi-potent MSCs used in the current study had poorer adipogenic compared with their osteo-and chondro-genic ability, and despite being~90% positive for the MSC marker Sca-1 (similar to previous OAtherapeutic studies using MSCs from bone marrow [43] or adipose tissue [23,24]), they had only modest CD29 expression and were negative for CD105.…”

Stemness Potency of Human Gingival Cells—Application in Anticancer Therapies and Clinical Trials

“…The results of differentiation were confirmed with Alizarin Red S staining to detect calcified deposits in culture, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and gene expression analysis of bone specific markers-Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), collagen I, ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) [22,25,28,29,32,[35][36][37]. Moreover, GMSCs exhibited higher osteogenic potential than BM-MSCs, as indicated by Sun et al [36].…”

“…Osteogenic differentiation was carried out in a number of studies by conducting GMSCs culture in osteoinductive medium with addition of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate (among others) [22,25,28,29,32,[35][36][37]. The results of differentiation were confirmed with Alizarin Red S staining to detect calcified deposits in culture, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and gene expression analysis of bone specific markers-Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), collagen I, ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) [22,25,28,29,32,[35][36][37]. Moreover, GMSCs exhibited higher osteogenic potential than BM-MSCs, as indicated by Sun et al [36].…”

Therapeutic Functions of Stem Cells from Oral Cavity: An Update

“…Since the first successful isolation by Zhang et al, several protocols have been reported to culture the GMSCs with a description of their characteristics [43,44]. In the immunophenotypic analysis, GMSCs are positive for classical MSC markers including CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 while negative for hematopoietic lineage cell markers such as CD14, CD34, and CD45 [45,46]. They can self-renew while maintaining the long-term proliferative capacity with a faster population doubling time compared to BM-MSCs [47,48].…”