“…This makes the NMR spectral assignment easier for structural studies [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] . Base deuterated molecules can also be used in conformational investigations by Raman [52][53][54] or infrared 55 spectroscopy, in biological studies [56][57][58][59][60][61] and studies on hydroxyl radical reactions with nucleosides 62,63 .…”
Section: Deuteration Of the Aglyconementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there are other examples where the use of ammonium bisulfite/ 2 H 2 O system at pD 7.7 at 65 ?C for 72 hours exchanges proton to deuteron at C5 in 90 atom% 44,46,47,49 .…”
Section: Deuteration At C5 Of Uracil and Cytosine Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…-naphthalinamine and p-phenylazoaniline however do not cause transamination 70 and the use of imidazole buffer has also been published 75 . Nevertheless, successful applications of the bisulfite method that provides 90-98 atom% deuterium exchange at C5 for cytosine have been reported 44,46,47 .…”
Section: Scheme 2 R = H or Ribofuranos-1-ylmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For examples, labelling the prochiral 5'-methylene moiety for stereospecific assignment and through this to measure vicinal 1 H-31 P coupling constants 163 ; to improve the accuracy of coupling data extracted from 1 H-13 C HSQC spectra 222 ; to eliminate crosspeaks completely from crowded regions of 2D spectra 141 or to aid relaxation time measurements 43,46,223,228,229 can be recalled.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Labelled Nucleosides With Multiple Isotopesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Escherichia coli has been grown on minimal medium containing 90% 2 H 2 O, 15 N-ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen and sodium acetate-13 C 2 as the sole carbon source 46 . Alternatively 47 , uniformly 15 N, 13 C labelled 5'-rNMPs are subjected to deuterium exchange at C5 of pyrimidines with metabisulfite anion as catalyst 44 giving ?…”
Section: Synthesis Of 2 H 15 N 13 C Triple Labelled Nucleotidesmentioning
“…This makes the NMR spectral assignment easier for structural studies [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] . Base deuterated molecules can also be used in conformational investigations by Raman [52][53][54] or infrared 55 spectroscopy, in biological studies [56][57][58][59][60][61] and studies on hydroxyl radical reactions with nucleosides 62,63 .…”
Section: Deuteration Of the Aglyconementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there are other examples where the use of ammonium bisulfite/ 2 H 2 O system at pD 7.7 at 65 ?C for 72 hours exchanges proton to deuteron at C5 in 90 atom% 44,46,47,49 .…”
Section: Deuteration At C5 Of Uracil and Cytosine Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…-naphthalinamine and p-phenylazoaniline however do not cause transamination 70 and the use of imidazole buffer has also been published 75 . Nevertheless, successful applications of the bisulfite method that provides 90-98 atom% deuterium exchange at C5 for cytosine have been reported 44,46,47 .…”
Section: Scheme 2 R = H or Ribofuranos-1-ylmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For examples, labelling the prochiral 5'-methylene moiety for stereospecific assignment and through this to measure vicinal 1 H-31 P coupling constants 163 ; to improve the accuracy of coupling data extracted from 1 H-13 C HSQC spectra 222 ; to eliminate crosspeaks completely from crowded regions of 2D spectra 141 or to aid relaxation time measurements 43,46,223,228,229 can be recalled.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Labelled Nucleosides With Multiple Isotopesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Escherichia coli has been grown on minimal medium containing 90% 2 H 2 O, 15 N-ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen and sodium acetate-13 C 2 as the sole carbon source 46 . Alternatively 47 , uniformly 15 N, 13 C labelled 5'-rNMPs are subjected to deuterium exchange at C5 of pyrimidines with metabisulfite anion as catalyst 44 giving ?…”
Section: Synthesis Of 2 H 15 N 13 C Triple Labelled Nucleotidesmentioning
Proper functioning of RNAs requires the formation of complex three-dimensional structures combined with the ability to rapidly interconvert between multiple functional states. This review covers recent advances in isotope-labeling strategies and NMR experimental approaches that have promise for facilitating solution structure determinations and dynamics studies of biologically active RNAs. Improved methods for the production of isotopically labeled RNAs combined with new multidimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments make it possible to dramatically reduce spectral crowding and simplify resonance assignments for RNAs. Several novel applications of experiments that directly detect hydrogen-bonding interactions are discussed. These studies demonstrate how NMR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between possible secondary structures and identify mechanisms of ligand binding in RNAs. A variety of recently developed methods for measuring base and sugar residual dipolar couplings are described. NMR residual dipolar coupling techniques provide valuable data for determining the long-range structure and orientation of helical regions in RNAs. A number of studies are also presented where residual dipolar coupling constraints are used to determine the global structure and dynamics of RNAs. NMR relaxation data can be used to probe the dynamics of macromolecules in solution. The power dependence of transverse rotating-frame relaxation rates was used here to study dynamics in the minimal hammerhead ribozyme. Improved methods for isotopically labeling RNAs combined with new types of structural data obtained from a growing repertoire of NMR experiments are facilitating structural and dynamic studies of larger RNAs.
New syntheses of C(2')-deuterated ribonucleosides have been accomplished starting either from 3, (14), with > 97 atom-% D incorporation in both cases. The former is suited to the demands of multiple-site deuteration or uniform 13 C/ multiple 2 H double labeling of the ribofuranose moiety, whereas the latter is particularly appropriate for singlesite 2 H labeling for mechanistic studies of enzyme reactions.
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