Comparison of head impact location during games and practices in Division III men's lacrosse players

O'Day, Kathleen M.; Koehling, Elizabeth M.; Vollavanh, Lydia R.; Bradney, Debbie A.; May, James M.; Breedlove, Katherine M.; Breedlove, Evan L.; Blair, Price; Nauman, Eric A.; Bowman, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.01.013

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous research on head impacts in football indicate that, overall, football players sustain more head impacts than lacrosse players (Duma et al, 2005;Higgins and Bowman, 2015;Koehling et al, 2015;Martini et al, 2013;O'Day et al, 2015;Vollavanh et al, 2015). However, the accelerations of the head impacts that do occur in both sports are comparable to the linear accelerations obtained in the low and medium velocity drop tests (Duma et al, 2005;Martini et al, 2013;Vollavanh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Based on the connections between drop testing results and possible concussive risk (Rowson and Duma, 2011) as well as the evidence that head impact magnitude, but not frequency, is similar between football and lacrosse (Duma et al, 2005;Higgins and Bowman, 2015;Koehling et al, 2015;Martini et al, 2013;O'Day et al, 2015;Vollavanh et al, 2015), there is justification to expect that football and lacrosse helmets need to attenuate impact forces similarly. Consequently, we believe lacrosse helmet modifications to reduce GSI scores are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Breedlove

Bowman

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Although the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standards are similar for football and lacrosse helmets, it remains unknown how helmets for each sport compare on drop tests. Due to the increased concern over head injury in sport and the rapid growth in lacrosse participation, it is useful to compare the performance of various football and lacrosse helmets. Therefore, the goal of this study was to document the impact attenuation properties of football and lacrosse helmets and to identify the relative performance between helmets for the two sports. Six models of football and six models of lacrosse helmets were tested using a drop tower at three prescribed velocities and six locations on the helmets. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of sport on Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores and linear accelerations. The interaction between location and sport was significant at the low (F=7.68, P<.001, η=.025), medium (F=16.78, P<.001, η=.085), and high (F=16.67, P<.001, η=.093) velocities for GSI scores. When comparing peak acceleration results, we found a significant interaction between location and sport for the medium (F=5.57, P=.001, ω=.031) and high (F=6.4, P<.001, ω=.047) velocities. Features of football helmet design provide superior protection compared to lacrosse helmets. Further investigation of helmet design features across sports will yield insight into how design features influence helmet performance during laboratory testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Breedlove

Bowman

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…There has also been interest in examining whether impact sensors can identify head impacts. Impact sensors have been used in a number of research studies of helmeted (e.g., American football [4-7, 11, 16, 26, 29, 52, 54, 56, 61], ice hockey [45-47, 57, 58]), and non-helmeted sports (e.g., football/soccer [30,43], rugby union [34,36], rugby league [37], Australian rules football [33,55], lacrosse [49], mixed martial arts [31]) to the kinematic responses to forces applied to the head during participation in sports. The validity of these impact sensors has been examined in controlled laboratory studies [1-3, 8, 9, 14, 28, 33, 39, 51, 53, 60], suggesting peak linear acceleration as measured by the x-patch™ has reasonable agreement with the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) head-neck system, but the angular velocity measured by the the x-patch™ had much poorer agreement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low sampling frequency of the x-patch™ has been suggested to be a reason for the poor agreement [48]. Although numerous studies recorded the total number of impacts that occurred while players wore the sensors [27, 28, 31-33, 35, 40, 46, 55], few of the studies verified those impacts via video [31,49,59] or were not able to differentiate direct head impacts from indirect impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifying head impacts recorded by a wearable sensor using video footage in Rugby league: A preliminary study

Carey

Stanwell

Terry

et al. 2018

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Background: Rugby league is a full-contact collision sport with an inherent risk of concussion. Wearable instrumented technology was used to observe and characterize the level of exposure to head impacts during game play. Purpose: To verify the impacts recorded by the x-patch™ with video analysis. Study design: Observational case series. Methods: The x-patch™ was used on eight men's semi-professional rugby league players during the 2016 Newcastle Rugby League competition (five forwards and three backs). Game day footage was recorded by a trained videographer using a single camera located at the highest midfield location to verify the impact recorded by the x-patch™. Videographic and accelerometer data were time synchronized. Results: The x-patch™ sensors recorded a total of 779 impacts ≥ 20 g during the games, of which 732 (94.0%) were verified on video. In addition, 817 impacts were identified on video that did not record an impact on the sensors. The number of video-verified impacts ≥ 20 g, per playing hour, was 7.8 for forwards and 4.8 for backs (range = 3.9-19.0). Impacts resulting in a diagnosed concussion had much greater peak linear acceleration (M = 76.1 g, SD = 17.0) than impacts that did not result in a concussion (M = 34.2g, SD = 18.0; Cohen's d = 2.4). Conclusions: The vast majority (94%) of impacts ≥ 20 g captured by the x-patch™ sensor were video verified in semiprofessional rugby league games. The use of a secondary source of information to verify impact events recorded by wearable sensors is beneficial in clarifying game events and exposure levels.

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“…There has also been interest in examining whether impact sensors can identify head impacts. Impact sensors have been used in a number of research studies of helmeted (e.g., American football [ 4 – 7 , 11 , 16 , 26 , 29 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 61 ], ice hockey [ 45 – 47 , 57 , 58 ]), and non-helmeted sports (e.g., football/soccer [ 30 , 43 ], rugby union [ 34 , 36 ], rugby league [ 37 ], Australian rules football [ 33 , 55 ], lacrosse [ 49 ], mixed martial arts [ 31 ]) to the kinematic responses to forces applied to the head during participation in sports. The validity of these impact sensors has been examined in controlled laboratory studies [ 1 – 3 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 28 , 33 , 39 , 51 , 53 , 60 ], suggesting peak linear acceleration as measured by the x-patch™ has reasonable agreement with the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) head-neck system, but the angular velocity measured by the the x-patch™ had much poorer agreement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifying Head Impacts Recorded by a Wearable Sensor using Video Footage in Rugby League: a Preliminary Study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundRugby league is a full-contact collision sport with an inherent risk of concussion. Wearable instrumented technology was used to observe and characterize the level of exposure to head impacts during game play.PurposeTo verify the impacts recorded by the x-patch™ with video analysis.Study designObservational case series.MethodsThe x-patch™ was used on eight men’s semi-professional rugby league players during the 2016 Newcastle Rugby League competition (five forwards and three backs). Game day footage was recorded by a trained videographer using a single camera located at the highest midfield location to verify the impact recorded by the x-patch™. Videographic and accelerometer data were time synchronized.ResultsThe x-patch™ sensors recorded a total of 779 impacts ≥ 20 g during the games, of which 732 (94.0%) were verified on video. In addition, 817 impacts were identified on video that did not record an impact on the sensors. The number of video-verified impacts ≥ 20 g, per playing hour, was 7.8 for forwards and 4.8 for backs (range = 3.9–19.0). Impacts resulting in a diagnosed concussion had much greater peak linear acceleration (M = 76.1 g, SD = 17.0) than impacts that did not result in a concussion (M = 34.2g, SD = 18.0; Cohen’s d = 2.4).ConclusionsThe vast majority (94%) of impacts ≥ 20 g captured by the x-patch™ sensor were video verified in semi-professional rugby league games. The use of a secondary source of information to verify impact events recorded by wearable sensors is beneficial in clarifying game events and exposure levels.

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Comparison of head impact location during games and practices in Division III men's lacrosse players

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Verifying head impacts recorded by a wearable sensor using video footage in Rugby league: A preliminary study

Verifying Head Impacts Recorded by a Wearable Sensor using Video Footage in Rugby League: a Preliminary Study

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