Comparison of heavy metal and nutrients removal in Canna indica and Oryza sativa L. based constructed wetlands for piggery effluent treatment in north-central Nigeria

Abstract

Batch-fed horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (HssFCW) were developed to compare the potential of Canna indica and Oryza sativa L. in removing heavy metals and nutrients from piggery effluent. Piggery effluent samples were characterized for nutrients (N and P) and metals (Mg, Al, Ca and Fe) before and after introducing them to the HssFCW with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and operational flowrate of 0.014 m 3 /day. Three sets of constructed wetlands (CWs) were monitored during the dry season for 3 months. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) for the plants were evaluated. The results were all significantly different at p 0.05. O. sativa L removes more nutrients and metals than C. indica. The BCF for O. sativa L. was higher than for C. indica, while the TF for C. indica was higher for O. sativa L., indicating a higher metal translocation potential. Use of C. indica, a non-food crop, poses no health risks in HssFCWs whereas the grains of O. sativa L. are consumed directly by humans, presenting potential risks when used in HssFCWs. Compared to an annual O. sativa L., the perennial C. indica can be grown continuously in CWs for the phytoremediation of piggery effluent. NOVELTY STATEMENTNo known work about the phytoremediation potential of the two studied macrophytes in the agro-ecological zone is known. The study also provides insight into the bioconcentration of metals in the edible part of Oryza sativa L. FARO 44 (SIPI 692033). The characterization of piggery effluent revealed that its compositions were above the allowable limit for reuse and recycling despite the adoption of low-water use intensive method. The study showed that Oryza sativa L accumulates more metals in the above-ground tissues than in its root and provide insight into its use as a phytoremediation plant in the study area. The footprint of pollutants and metals in Oryza sativa L makes a perennial C. indica more suitable than O. sativa L. in piggery effluent phytoremediation.

Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

“…In a study on treatment of piggery effluent, BCF was reported to be 1.1 for Fe, 1.0 for Mg, 0.2 for Al, 0.9 for Ca, 0.4 for Zn and 0.7 for Mn. In the same study, TF was 0.7 for Fe, 0.8 for Mg, 0.6 for Al, 0.9 for Ca, 0.8 for Zn and 0.8 for Mn [89]. These results shows the potential of Canna indica for removal of heavy metals from aquatic systems [80].…”

Potential of Canna indica in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for Heavy Metals and Nitrogen Removal from Algiers Refinery Wastewater

“…Ref. [41], in their studies, also found that the planted systems were more efficient than the unplanted systems. Overall, the metal concentrations in the treated effluents of the planted constructed wetlands were within the allowable WBG levels.…”

Phytoremediation of chromium, iron and nickel by Indian Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.): An opportunity for management of multi-metal contaminated tannery wastewaterPhytoremediation of chromium, iron and nickel by Indian Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.): An opportunity for management of multi-metal contaminated tannery wastewater

“…The efficiency of rice plants in phytoremediation of PTHMs from water or soil has been reported by various researchers (Liu et al 2007;Evangelou et al 2015;Pajević et al 2016;Yan et al 2020). Further, Rice is being used in numerous research due to its vast range of adaptability to different environmental conditions and potential to tolerate abiotic stress (Liu et al 2007;Bharagava et al 2008;Satpathy et al 2014;Olawale et al 2021;Lakshmi et al 2021). Earlier, the potential of the rice plant to remediate heavy metals like Cd, Pb, and Fe contaminated soil and water have been studied by various researchers (Liu et al 2007;Satpathy et al 2014;Olawale et al 2021).…”

“…Further, Rice is being used in numerous research due to its vast range of adaptability to different environmental conditions and potential to tolerate abiotic stress (Liu et al 2007;Bharagava et al 2008;Satpathy et al 2014;Olawale et al 2021;Lakshmi et al 2021). Earlier, the potential of the rice plant to remediate heavy metals like Cd, Pb, and Fe contaminated soil and water have been studied by various researchers (Liu et al 2007;Satpathy et al 2014;Olawale et al 2021). India has high production of rice and many farmers irrigate their crop plants with industrial wastewater having a high load of toxic compounds including PTHMs due to the non-availability of alternative sources of irrigation.…”