Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma in <scp>E</scp>astern versus <scp>W</scp>estern populations

Choo, Su Pin; Tan, Wan Ling; Goh, Brian K. P.; Tai, Wai Meng David; Zhu, Andrew X.

doi:10.1002/cncr.30237

Cited by 247 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…There are several epidemiological differences in HCC across geographical regions, as well as differences in genetic mutations, especially between Western and Asian populations [31,32]. The incidence of HCC is considerably higher in Asian countries, such as China and Southeast Asia, and in Africa, compared with Europe and North America [33].…”

Section: Considerations Between Western and Asian Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Selection for Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Importance of Benefit/Risk Assessment

2018

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Background: Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for most primary liver cancers and most commonly arising from a history of advanced chronic liver disease. Among the available therapies, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely utilized and is considered the first-line treatment recommended for patients staged as intermediate HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B). If applied correctly, TACE can produce survival benefits without adversely affecting hepatic functional reserve. Summary: The aim of this nonsystematic review is to evaluate the evidence supporting TACE, with a special interest in intermediate HCC, for which this treatment is recommended in first line. However, intermediate HCC represents a broad and heterogeneous group of patients, not all of whom will benefit from TACE. This review highlights the importance of appropriate patient selection for initial TACE and for retreatment. It also evaluates evidence for the treatment of patients who become refractory to TACE. Some patients may, in fact, benefit from early switch (i.e., after 1 or 2 TACE treatments) to systemic therapies rather than continuing retreatments with TACE in order to preserve liver function, thus allowing sequential first- and second-line drug therapies. Key Messages: Careful assessment of an individual patient's benefit/risk ratio is recommended before any TACE session is considered to ensure optimal long-term outcomes in intermediate HCC.

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Section: Considerations Between Western and Asian Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Selection for Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Importance of Benefit/Risk Assessment

2018

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“…[1][2][3] Multiple risk factors have been linked to the development of HCC, with chronic viral hepatitis (B and C) infection, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), presence of diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome, and exposure to aflatoxins being the most frequent; nonetheless, HCC can also occur in people without any known risk factor. [4][5][6] The clear majority of HCC patients are diagnosed with an advanced disease, often precluding potentially effective therapies such as liver transplantation or curative partial liver resection. Targeted therapies against HCC are very limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oncogene dependent requirement of fatty acid synthase in hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2017

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent primary tumor of the liver, is an aggressive cancer type with limited treatment options. Cumulating evidence underlines a crucial role of aberrant lipid biosynthesis (a process known as de novo lipogenesis) along carcinogenesis. Previous studies showed that suppression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the major enzyme responsible for de novo lipogenesis, is highly detrimental for the in vitro growth of HCC cell lines. To assess whether de novo lipogenesis is required for liver carcinogenesis, we have generated various mouse models of liver cancer by stably overexpressing candidate oncogenes in the mouse liver via hydrodynamic gene delivery. We found that overexpression of FASN in the mouse liver is unable to malignantly transform hepatocytes. However, genetic deletion of FASN totally suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis driven by AKT and AKT/c-Met protooncogenes in mice. On the other hand, liver tumor development is completely unaffected by FASN depletion in mice coexpressing b-catenin and c-Met. Our data indicate that tumors might be either addicted to or independent from de novo lipogenesis for their growth depending on the oncogenes involved. Additional investigation is required to unravel the molecular mechanisms whereby some oncogenes render cancer cells resistant to inhibition of de novo lipogenesis.

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“…HCC is a highly mortal tumor and its median survival rate remains under 1 year after diagnosis (1,2). HCC is a heterogeneous disease originated from chronic liver diseases, such as chronic inflammation and cirrhosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycorine Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis via TCRP1/Akt/mTOR Axis Inactivation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Qiu

Pang

et al. 2017

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Lycorine is a multifunctional bioactive compound, and it possesses potential anticancer activities. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. In this research, we have found that lycorine significantly induces the apoptotic and autophagic capacities of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with specific autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine/Bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of LC-3B/Atg5 by siRNA drastically enhances the apoptotic cell death effect by facilitating the switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Molecular validation mechanistically demonstrates that lycorine-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells is associated with decreased protein levels of tongue cancer resistance-associated protein 1 (TCRP1), and we further find that inhibition of TCRP1 decreases phosphorylation level of Akt and represses Akt/mTOR signaling. Finally, lycorineinduced apoptosis and autophagy suppress the growth of xenograft hepatocellular tumors without remarkable toxicity. Our results elucidate a novel molecular mechanism whereby lycorine promotes apoptosis and autophagy through the TCRP1/Akt/mTOR pathway in HCC. Our results reveal that lycorine might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.

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Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma in Eastern versus Western populations

Cited by 247 publications

References 119 publications

Patient Selection for Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Importance of Benefit/Risk Assessment

Patient Selection for Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Importance of Benefit/Risk Assessment

Oncogene dependent requirement of fatty acid synthase in hepatocellular carcinoma

Lycorine Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis via TCRP1/Akt/mTOR Axis Inactivation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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