Comparison of Herpesvirus Isolates From Falcons, Pigeons and Psittacines by Restriction Endonuclease Analysis

Aini, I.; Shih, Ling-Na; Castro, Anthony E.; Zee, Y. C.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.196

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Restriction enzyme analysis of whole-virus DNA also suggests that there is more than one PsHV variant (1,18). Our data document 10 PsHV variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Based on serologic cross-reactivity, five PsHV subtypes have been isolated from birds with PD-like lesions (16). Also, limited comparisons of herpesviruses isolated from parrots with PD by restriction enzyme digestion of their entire genome have demonstrated a significant degree of genetic polymorphism (1,18). The observed variation in the distribution of lesions in birds with PD also suggests that there may be multiple variants of PsHV.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection and Heterogeneity of Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease in Parrots

Tomaszewski¹,

Wilson

Wigle

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

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Pacheco's disease (PD) is a common, often fatal, disease of parrots. We cloned a virus isolate from a parrot that had characteristic lesions of PD. Three viral clones were partially sequenced, demonstrating that this virus was an alphaherpesvirus most closely related to the gallid herpesvirus 1. Five primer sets were developed from these sequences. The primer sets were used with PCR to screen tissues or tissue culture media suspected to contain viruses from 54 outbreaks of PD. The primer sets amplified DNA from all but one sample. Ten amplification patterns were detected, indicating that PD is caused by a genetically heterogeneous population of viruses. A single genetic variant (psittacid herpesvirus variant 1) amplified with all primer sets and was the most common virus variant (62.7%). A single primer set (23F) amplified DNA from all of the positive samples, suggesting that PCR could be used as a rapid postmortem assay for these viruses. PCR was found to be significantly more sensitive than tissue culture for the detection of psittacid herpesviruses.

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“…Restriction enzyme analysis of whole-virus DNA also suggests that there is more than one PsHV variant (1,18). Our data document 10 PsHV variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Heterogeneity of Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease in Parrots

Tomaszewski¹,

Wilson

Wigle

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

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“…So far, restriction endonuclease analysis has mainly been used in examination of a limited number of herpesvirus isolates from falcons, pigeons and psittacine birds (Aini et al, 1993), and for differentiation of ILTV strains and isolates (Andreasen et al, 1990;Guy et al, 1989;Keeler et al, 1993;Keller et al, 1992;Kotiw et al, 1982;Leib et al, 1986;Sheppard, 1991;Sikezdi, 1991). In this study, a wide spectrum of herpesviruses isolated from different species of birds was compared for the first time by endonuclease restriction patterns of viral genomic DNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the genomes of 15 avian herpes‐virus isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYDifferentiation of herpesvirus isolates has been performed mostly on the basis of biological properties and serology. In this study, 15 herpesvirus isolates from different species of birds were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA. All herpesviruses were isolated in Europe or are used as vaccine viruses there. The isolates could be differentiated into seven groups based on restriction patterns. The largest group contains isolates from passeriform and psittacine birds and could further be subdivided into four subgroups. Two other groups are represented by herpesvirus isolates of quail and crane, and by isolates of pigeon and owl. Duck plague virus, herpesvirus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus and a herpesvirus isolate from tragopan all exhibited distinct restriction patterns. In general, our results parallel earlier cross-neutralization studies and yield additional, more detailed information on the relationship between different herpesvirus isolates of birds.

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“…This owl may have been infected with a closely related virus that serologically cross-reacted with the falcon adenovirus or, alternatively, it may actually have been infected with the falcon adenovirus. Although there is insufficient information to draw any conclusions, it is interesting that owls and falcons, which are phylogenetically disparate (13), also share susceptibility to another typically host-specific virus, columbid herpesvirus 1 (1,6). Hawks and eagles, in the family Accipitridae and phylogenetically distinct from the falcons, do not appear to be infected with the falcon adenovirus, a finding consistent with the typically narrow host range of well-adapted adenoviruses (2, 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Epidemiology of Falcon Adenovirus

et al. 2005

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. In this study, the virus was successfully isolated and propagated in peregrine falcon embryo fibroblasts, in which it caused visible and reproducible cytopathology. Testing for serum neutralizing antibodies found that infection with this virus was limited almost exclusively to falcons. Serology also found that wild and captive peregrine falcons had high seropositivity rates of 80% and 100%, respectively, although clinical disease was rarely reported in this species. These data implicate peregrine falcons as the natural host and primary reservoir for the virus. Other species of North American falcons, including aplomado falcons, had lower seropositivity rates of 43 to 57%. Falcon species of tropical and/or island origin were uniformly seronegative, although deaths among adults of these species have been described, suggesting they are highly susceptible. Chickens and quail were uniformly seronegative and not susceptible to infection, indicating that fowl were not the source of infection. Based on the information from this study, the primary control of falcon adenovirus infections should be based on segregation of carrier and susceptible falcon species.An adenovirus was detected by electron microscopy in tissues from falcons that died during an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis and enteritis that affected neonatal Northern aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) (12). The outbreak occurred in 1996 at a raptor propagation facility that, in addition to neonatal falcons, housed 72 adult aplomado falcons, 94 American peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum), three Vanuatu peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus nesiotes), three gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus), 11 harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja), 20 California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and two Andean condors (Vultur gryphus). The affected neonatal aplomado falcons were all housed together in a single brooder room. The outbreak had an overall attack rate of 72/110 (65%) and a case fatality rate of 62/72 (86%). Strikingly, 102 American peregrine falcon neonates that were being raised simultaneously in the same brooder room had an attack rate of only 6/102 (6%). None of the adult falcons, eagles, or condors had any illness or death compatible with viral infection during the disease outbreak. The exclusive food source for the neonatal aplomado and peregrine falcons was Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) raised at the facility. The quail were raised in a building along with domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) that were used to feed the other raptors. In addition, large numbers of pigeons (Columba livia) and chukar (Alectoris chukar) were free ranging on the grounds of the facility. No unusual disease was noted in any of these other bird species during the outbreak.Epidemiologic investigation (12) indicated that the outbreak began with infection of a single neonatal aplomado falcon, with subsequent horizontal spread among the rest of the aplomado falcon chicks in the brooder room. However, the source of the initial infection was not known. The egg...

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Comparison of Herpesvirus Isolates From Falcons, Pigeons and Psittacines by Restriction Endonuclease Analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Detection and Heterogeneity of Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease in Parrots

Detection and Heterogeneity of Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease in Parrots

Comparison of the genomes of 15 avian herpes‐virus isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis

Isolation and Epidemiology of Falcon Adenovirus

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