Comparison of high-protein diets and leucine supplementation in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and related disorders in mice

Freudenberg, Anne; Petzke, K. J.; Klaus, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.10.005

Cited by 88 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

111

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A third intervention was an increase in the protein content of the HFD to over 40 %. This has been shown to result in decreased body weight, body fat and hepatic TG accumulation, as well as increased insulin sensitivity compared to a HFD with adequate protein content after 20 weeks of feeding (Freudenberg et al 2012). It was suggested that the positive effects of high-protein diets on metabolic syndrome associated traits are acutely due to satiety effects possibly linked to amino nitrogen intake and the subsequent suppression of liver lipogenesis (Freudenberg et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current investigation was undertaken with the primary aim to validate this idea. To this end, we conducted short-term (5 day) HFD challenge and intervention trials in mice applying, on top of the HFD, three different dietary interventions which have previously been shown to reduce the development of obesity and associated disorders albeit acting through different physiological mechanisms, i.e., supplementation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea (Friedrich et al 2012), replacing part of the dietary lipids by n-3 PUFA (Kus et al 2011), and a high dietary protein content (Freudenberg et al 2012). Using quantitative real-time PCR gene expression in epididymal WAT, we identified gene expression of Leptin and Mest [mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest), also known as paternally expressed gene 1 (Peg1)] as early markers of adipose tissue expansion whose HFD-induced expression changes in fat tissue were normalized by the different anti-obesity interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of Mest/Peg1 gene expression as a predictive biomarker of adipose tissue expansion sensitive to dietary anti-obesity interventions

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food components with anti-obesity properties are commonly evaluated using mouse models of diet-induced obesity. The ability of these components to reduce or prevent white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation is usually tested in feeding trials of several weeks duration in order to detect significant effects on fat mass expansion. Here, we aimed to identify early, predictive biomarkers for WAT expansion. We performed a 5-day high-fat diet (HFD) feeding trial with C57BL/6J mice using different established anti-obesity interventions: epigallocatechin gallate, replacing dietary lipids by n-3 PUFA, and increasing dietary protein. WAT gene expression was analyzed of genes known to be similarly affected by shortand long-term HFD. Gene expression of Leptin and Mest (mesoderm-specific transcript) was increased by HFD and normalized by all anti-obesity interventions. In a second experiment, translatability to whole blood-based expression data was assessed. Mice were challenged for 21 days with a HFD without or with simultaneous treatment with anti-obesity bioactives, hydroxytyrosol or resveratrol, and compared for parameters including Leptin and Mest expression in whole blood at day 5. While Leptin mRNA could not be detected in mouse whole blood, there was an induction of Mest mRNA by HFD which was suppressed by hydroxytyrosol. Moreover, Mest expression in whole blood at day 5 positively correlated with adiposity and negatively with lean body mass and the subcutaneous/visceral fat ratio at day 21. We conclude that gene expression of Leptin and Mest in WAT and of Mest in whole blood represent early, predictive markers of adipose tissue expansion of potential usefulness in nutritional studies and trials.Keywords Obesity Á Whole blood Á Mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest/Peg1) Á Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Á n-3 PUFA Á High-protein diet Á Hydroxytyrosol Á Resveratrol

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mest/Peg1 gene expression as a predictive biomarker of adipose tissue expansion sensitive to dietary anti-obesity interventions

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Heretofore, the only evidence of BCAA involvement in metabolic syndrome was indicated by an observation that leucine supplementation moderately improved metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet. 21 However, the effect of dietary supplementation with leucine is controversial. In terms of adiposity, while some research indicates that leucine supplementation decreases fat tissue in mice, 22 others indicate there is no effect on lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Branched and Aromatic Amino Acids Levels with Metabolic Syndrome and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Hypertensive Patients

Weng

Quinlivan

Gong

et al. 2015

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The three branched amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and two aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) have been associated with many adverse metabolic pathways, including diabetes. However, these associations have been identified primarily in otherwise healthy Caucasian populations. We aimed to investigate the association of this five-amino-acid signature with metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a hypertensive cohort of Caucasian and African Americans. Methods: We analyzed data from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) studies PEAR and PEAR2 conducted between 2005 and 2014. Subjects were enrolled at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL), Emory University (Atlanta, GA), and Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). A total of 898 patients with essential hypertension were included in this study. Presence of metabolic syndrome and IFG at baseline were determined on the basis of measurements of demographic and biochemical data. Levels of the five amino acids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Results: With a multiple logistic regression model, we found that all five amino acids were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in both Caucasian and African Americans. IFG and the five amino acids were associated in the Caucasian Americans. Only valine was significantly associated with IFG in African Americans. Conclusion: In both Caucasian and African Americans with uncomplicated hypertension, plasma levels of the five-amino-acid signature are associated with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, in Caucasians we have confirmed the five-amino-acid signature was associated with IFG.

show abstract

“…insulin, GIP) expression and secretion [34,35]. mTOR might also potentially improve insulin sensitivity by activating IRS-1 through phosphorylation [36].…”

Section: Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a 12-week intervention with lysine did not change the lipid profile in men with hypertriglyceridemia [50]. Leucine and alanine have also been linked to beneficial metabolic effects, such as reduced body fat accumulation [36,51]. However, some investigations have revealed that the beneficial effects might be due to the supply of nitrogen rather than leucine itself.…”

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dairy Protein and Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

Bjørnshave¹,

Hermansen²

2014

Rev Diabet Stud

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

■ AbstractThe incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Evidence supports a negative relationship between the consumption of dairy products and risk of MetS and T2D. Dairy proteins are known to have a directly beneficial effect on hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, but a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms is missing. It has been confirmed by observations that the insulinotropic effect of dairy proteins is associated with the amino acid composition; in particular branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) seem to be of vital importance. Dairy protein-derived peptides may also contribute to the insulinotropic effect via dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity, and may lower the blood pressure (BP). The lipid metabolism may be improved by whey protein (WP), which acts to reduce the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response. The effect of dairy fat is much more controversial because of the potentially harmful effect exerted by saturated fatty acid (SFA) on metabolic health. Recent observations suggest less adverse effects of SFA on metabolic health than previous assumed. However, little is known about dairy lipid fractions belonging to the groups of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and phospholipids (PL). Dairy fat seems to act differently depending on the dairy product and the composition of macronutrients in the meal. Therefore, for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the dairy protein and fat effect on MetS, we suggest that more human studies should be carried out to clarify the interactions of dairy protein and fat with macronutrients in the meal and other dairy components, such as micronutrients and microorganisms from fermented products.Keywords: type 2 diabetes · metabolic syndrome · glucose metabolism · lipid metabolism · blood pressure · dairy fat

show abstract

Comparison of high-protein diets and leucine supplementation in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and related disorders in mice

Cited by 88 publications

References 46 publications

Identification of Mest/Peg1 gene expression as a predictive biomarker of adipose tissue expansion sensitive to dietary anti-obesity interventions

Identification of Mest/Peg1 gene expression as a predictive biomarker of adipose tissue expansion sensitive to dietary anti-obesity interventions

Association of Branched and Aromatic Amino Acids Levels with Metabolic Syndrome and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Hypertensive Patients

Effects of Dairy Protein and Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About