Comparison of homeobox-containing genes of the honeybee and Drosophila.

Walldorf, Uwe; Fleig, Richard; Gehring, Walter

doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.9971

Cited by 92 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…2F). In situ hybridization for e30 RNA, a honeybee ortholog of engrailed (Walldorf et al, 1989;Dearden et al, 2006) allows better definition of segments (Fig. 2F).…”

Section: Research Article Development 138 (16)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in insect axis formation: two orthodenticle genes and hunchback act in anterior patterning and influence dorsoventral organization in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Wilson

Dearden

2011

Development

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SUMMARYAxis formation is a key step in development, but studies indicate that genes involved in insect axis formation are relatively fast evolving. Orthodenticle genes have conserved roles, often with hunchback, in maternal anterior patterning in several insect species. We show that two orthodenticle genes, otd1 and otd2, and hunchback act as maternal anterior patterning genes in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) but, unlike other insects, act to pattern the majority of the anteroposterior axis. These genes regulate the expression domains of anterior, central and posterior gap genes and may directly regulate the anterior gap gene giant. We show otd1 and hunchback also influence dorsoventral patterning by regulating zerknült (zen) as they do in Tribolium, but that zen does not regulate the expression of honeybee gap genes. This suggests that interactions between anteroposterior and dorsalventral patterning are ancestral in holometabolous insects. Honeybee axis formation, and the function of the conserved anterior patterning gene orthodenticle, displays unique characters that indicate that, even when conserved genes pattern the axis, their regulatory interactions differ within orders of insects, consistent with relatively fast evolution in axis formation pathways.

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“…2F). In situ hybridization for e30 RNA, a honeybee ortholog of engrailed (Walldorf et al, 1989;Dearden et al, 2006) allows better definition of segments (Fig. 2F).…”

Section: Research Article Development 138 (16)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in insect axis formation: two orthodenticle genes and hunchback act in anterior patterning and influence dorsoventral organization in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Wilson

Dearden

2011

Development

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“…Morphological and classical manipulative studies have been carried out, but studies of gene function or expression are rare. Those studies published have concentrated on genes associated with segmentation (Fleig 1990;Binner and Sander 1997;Osborne and Dearden 2005a), Hox genes (Walldorf et al 1989(Walldorf et al , 2000Fleig et al 1992), and sex-determining genes (Beye et al 2003). Recently techniques for studying honey bee development have become available, including robust methods for studying gene expression patterns (Osborne and Dearden 2005b), RNAi to study gene function in both embryos and adults (Beye et al 2002;Amdam et al 2003), and cell culture protocols (e.g., see Bergem et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Patterns of conservation and change in honey bee developmental genes

Dearden

Wilson²,

Sablan³

et al. 2006

Genome Res.

149

155

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The current insect genome sequencing projects provide an opportunity to extend studies of the evolution of developmental genes and pathways in insects. In this paper we examine the conservation and divergence of genes and developmental processes between Drosophila and the honey bee; two holometabolous insects whose lineages separated ∼300 million years ago, by comparing the presence or absence of 308 Drosophila developmental genes in the honey bee. Through examination of the presence or absence of genes involved in conserved pathways (cell signaling, axis formation, segmentation and homeobox transcription factors), we find that the vast majority of genes are conserved. Some genes involved in these processes are, however, missing in the honey bee. We have also examined the orthology of Drosophila genes involved in processes that differ between the honey bee and Drosophila. Many of these genes are preserved in the honey bee despite the process in which they act in Drosophila being different or absent in the honey bee. Many of the missing genes in both situations appear to have arisen recently in the Drosophila lineage, have single known functions in Drosophila, and act early in developmental pathways, while those that are preserved have pleiotropic functions. An evolutionary interpretation of these data is that either genes with multiple functions in a common ancestor are more likely to be preserved in both insect lineages, or genes that are preserved throughout evolution are more likely to co-opt additional functions.

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“…It is interesting to find that the two honeybee en genes do not possess an intron in the homeobox region while their Bombyx and Drosophila counterparts do (13). This intron is also absent in the mouse (16), zebrafish (19), and sea urchin (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on sequence similarity, en homologs have been isolated from many invertebrate and vertebrate species (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Expression studies revealed that en probably plays a role in neurogenesis (14,18,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), as has been shown by genetic analysis in Drosophila (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and silk gland expression of Bombyx engrailed and invected genes.

Hui

Matsuno

Ueno

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genetic analysis in Drosophila has shown that engrailed (en) plays an important role in segmentation and neurogenesis. A closely related gene, invected (in), is coexpressed with en in the posterior developmental compartments where en is known to specify cell state. We report here the isolation of two en-like cDNAs from the middle silk glands of Bombyx mori larvae. Sequence analysis revealed that they are the counterparts of Drosophila en and in. Four highly conserved domains, including the homeodomain, were identified in these En and In proteins from Bombyx and Drosophila. In addition, two en-specific and one in-specific domains could also be found. These structurafly homologous genes might share a similar role in Bombyx development. They were found to be coexpressed in the middle silk gland but not in the posterior silk gland during the fourth molt/fifth intermolt period. We speculate that these Bombyx en-like genes might be involved in the compartmentalization of the silk gland.cently, we reported that the promoters of the silk protein genes contain clustered homeodomain binding sites (34,35) and that several putative homeodomain-containing proteins that interact with these sites can be found in the silk gland extracts (36). As part of our efforts to characterize the homeobox genes that are possibly involved in the regulation of the silk protein genes, several homeobox-containing cDNAs have been isolated from silk gland cDNA libraries. In this report, we describe the molecular characterization oftwo Bombyx en-like cDNAs. Sequence analysis reveals that they are the counterparts ofDrosophila en and in. We have named the corresponding genes Bombyx engrailed (Bm en) and Bombyx invected (Bm in), respectively. Throughout the fourth molt/fifth intermolt period, they are coexpressed in the middle silk gland but not in the posterior silk gland. A hypothesis that these en-like genes are involved in specifying compartments in the silk gland is discussed.

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Comparison of homeobox-containing genes of the honeybee and Drosophila.

Abstract: We report the isolation of seven homeobox-

Cited by 92 publications

References 26 publications

Diversity in insect axis formation: two orthodenticle genes and hunchback act in anterior patterning and influence dorsoventral organization in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Diversity in insect axis formation: two orthodenticle genes and hunchback act in anterior patterning and influence dorsoventral organization in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Patterns of conservation and change in honey bee developmental genes

Molecular characterization and silk gland expression of Bombyx engrailed and invected genes.

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