Comparison of hot-air and low-radiant pew heating systems on the distribution and transport of gaseous air pollutants in the mountain church of Rocca Pietore from artwork conservation points of view

Bencs, László; Spolnik, Zoya; Limpens-Neilen, Dionne; Schellen, H.L.; Jütte, Bernhard A.H.G.; Grieken, R. Van

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2007.05.001

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CO2 concentration is another indicator of indoor environmental conditions a building, and not only denotes the air quality [12,16,25,35,43,44]. It also induces surface dissolution that may affect alkaline materials such as plaster, stone and paint [16,17]. Concentrations of 400-600 ppm were the values most commonly recorded in the empty church in the two monitoring periods, with and without heating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, as the RH on the high altar is altered by both the heating and natural dynamics, the former may accentuate the presence of efflorescence (Ca-Mg sulphates; epsomite and hexahydrite) at the base of the walls. CO2 concentration is another indicator of indoor environmental conditions a building, and not only denotes the air quality [12,16,25,35,43,44]. It also induces surface dissolution that may affect alkaline materials such as plaster, stone and paint [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moisture condensation may contribute to dissolving alkaline surfaces when the water vapour comes into contact with CO 2 flowing into the church through open doors or generated by human metabolism, use of certain heating systems or lit candles or incense [12,16,17]. Carbonate (lime mortars or limestone) and sulfate (gypsum or cement mortars) dissolution releases anions and cations that are carried inward where they precipitate as salts [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbonate (lime mortars or limestone) and sulfate (gypsum or cement mortars) dissolution releases anions and cations that are carried inward where they precipitate as salts [14,15]. Another result of surface condensation and damp (in the presence of high humidity and moderate temperatures) is biological colonisation by fungi, bacteria or even insects that may cause biodeterioration in certain areas of the building [5,12,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluctuations in the indoor environment in Spanish rural churches and their effects on heritage conservation: Hygro-thermal and CO 2 conditions monitoring

Varas–Muriel

Fort

Martínez-Garrido

et al. 2014

Building and Environment

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The indoor environment and its natural dynamics in small Spanish historical churches such as the studied here depend on the variations of outdoor climate and the moisture dynamics of walls, built with different materials. Such indoor environments are impacted by local factors, which may put at risk the conservation of a church's cultural assets. Natural ventilation in spring, the presence of people and especially the wintertime use of ageing heating system induce substantial fluctuations in indoor environments primarily affecting the stability of relative humidity (RH). RH is the physical parameter that can induce efflorescence as well as plaster blistering and detachment in its inside walls, drying and cracking in the timber and efflorescence and disgregation in the carved dolostone.Where the RH inside building is not high, as in the present case, natural and induced fluctuations may lower it considerably (<25 %), which is detrimental to conservation and human well-being both. Human presence partially counters the steep declines in RH attributable to heating in winter and warm, dry summer weather, although the trade-off is a rise in CO 2 levels inside the church.Heating induces substantial changes in the T and RH on the high altar and in the upper areas of the nave, while natural ventilation affects the RH at the base of the church and favours the elimination of CO 2 . The results obtained have allowed us to develop a series of recommendations that might be useful for the preventive conservation of such historic buildings, without compromising human comfort.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluctuations in the indoor environment in Spanish rural churches and their effects on heritage conservation: Hygro-thermal and CO 2 conditions monitoring

Varas–Muriel

Fort

Martínez-Garrido

et al. 2014

Building and Environment

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“…Moreover, they are centralised systems that may be used either continuously throughout the year to maintain constant indoor conditions or intermittently to improve overall thermal conditions for a short period of time [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the thermal–hygrometric conditions induced by traditional heating systems in a historic Spanish church (12th–16th C)

Varas–Muriel

Martínez-Garrido

Fort

2014

Energy and Buildings

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Most historic churches are characterised by low thermal efficiency due primarily to their architectural design and the traditional materials used in their construction. Heating the huge volumes of air involved may be more or less effective depending on the HVAC system used. Up until very recently, traditional heating has been the system of choice in Spanish churches. The present study analysed the parish church at Talamanca de Jarama (a village on the outskirts of Madrid), where the forced hot-air system was found to induce wide fluctuations in indoor thermal-hygrometric (T/RH) conditions, in turn translating into the temporal and horizontal stratification of temperature and relative humidity. As a result, the thermal comfort sought for parishioners is not reached, for the air remains cold at pew height while heat accumulates in the upper area of the church. A three-dimensional sensor network was designed to monitor these conditions. Suspended from helium balloons, the sensors could record the indoor air temperature and humidity without causing any damage whatsoever to church property.

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Viable and not viable spore concentrations in National Gallery of Umbria (Italy)

2021

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The conservation actions towards artworks holding a common patrimony for the community are of primary importance, but also those related to their "container" as museums, libraries or archives are to consider. Fungal spores and bacteria carried by air flows to the artwork surface can colonize it causing biodeterioration through physical and/or chemical alterations of the materials with the irreversible loss of their value. The quality control of the indoor air surrounding the historic building is essential, as well as for the protection and conservation of the artwork, also for the protection of the health of operators and visitors. The aim of this study was to monitor airborne fungal particles, through volumetric spore traps, for improving the knowledge about the conservation and protection of artworks in the museum environment analysing the principal relationships between indoor environmental conditions and potentially biodeteriogen fungal spore growth. The evidence of no significant relationships between spore concentrations and environmental conditions recorded inside the different expositive rooms testified the regular and correct maintenance of the air conditioning system inside the considered building (National Gallery of Umbria, central Italy). Moreover, in a specific museum room a significant spore concentration decreasing trend was recorded mainly due to a structural modification in the same building.

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Comparison of hot-air and low-radiant pew heating systems on the distribution and transport of gaseous air pollutants in the mountain church of Rocca Pietore from artwork conservation points of view

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Fluctuations in the indoor environment in Spanish rural churches and their effects on heritage conservation: Hygro-thermal and CO 2 conditions monitoring

Fluctuations in the indoor environment in Spanish rural churches and their effects on heritage conservation: Hygro-thermal and CO 2 conditions monitoring

Monitoring the thermal–hygrometric conditions induced by traditional heating systems in a historic Spanish church (12th–16th C)

Viable and not viable spore concentrations in National Gallery of Umbria (Italy)

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