Comparison of hydrocarbon composition in complex coal-liquid samples by liquid chromatography and field-ionization mass spectroscopy

Allen, Todd W.; Hurtubise, Robert J.; Silver, H.F.

doi:10.1021/ac00280a021

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These parameters are affected by the oxygenated compounds, which are the key species found in coal. , Many analytical techniques have been used to characterize the molecular structure and mass distribution of coal and coal-derived liquids. The most commonly used technique is mass spectrometry (MS) , in combination with techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), − liquid chromatography (LC), − and injection probe . Various ionization techniques have also been used, including chemical ionization (CI), ,, field ionization (FI), − ,, field desorption (FD), ,, fast atom bombardment (FAB), , laser desorption (LD), , matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), , and electrospray ionization (ESI). ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used technique is mass spectrometry (MS) , in combination with techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), − liquid chromatography (LC), − and injection probe . Various ionization techniques have also been used, including chemical ionization (CI), ,, field ionization (FI), − ,, field desorption (FD), ,, fast atom bombardment (FAB), , laser desorption (LD), , matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), , and electrospray ionization (ESI). ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)

Shi

Yan

et al. 2010

Energy Fuels

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Dihydroxy aromatics in coal tar undergo rapid coupling reactions with each other and with some coalderived species during coal pyrolysis and liquefaction. However, only limited information on the structure of dihydroxy aromatics is known. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the dihydroxy aromatics in a low-temperature pyrolyzed coal tar and its distillate and residue fractions. Negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS spectra of coal-tar-derived samples had low molecular masses and narrow mass ranges. Negative-ion ESI is extremely selective for the dihydroxy aromatics present in coal tar. The O 2 class species had the highest ion intensity among the species in the negative-ion FT-ICR mass spectrum for each sample. Dihydroxy compounds with an aromatic core structure of benzene, indan, biphenyl (and/or acenaphthene), and naphthalene were identified in the distillate fractions. Dihydroxy compounds in the residue fraction were dihydroxy fluorenes and phenanthrenes (and/or anthracenes). The O 2 class species with relatively high molecular masses were likely dihydroxy acenaphthylenes and/or hydroxy dibenzofurans but could not be distinguished from each other because these compounds have the same molecular mass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)

Shi

Yan

et al. 2010

Energy Fuels

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“…The FI mass spectra were obtained from SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, using procedures previously described (28). Details of the mass spectrometer and procedure for acquiring FI mass spectra have been discussed elsewhere (28)(29)(30)(31). FIMS produces unfragmented molecular ions and their isotopic signals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation and characterization of hydroxyl aromatics in complex fractions from nondistillable coal-derived liquids

Cooper¹,

Hurtubise²,

Silver³

1986

Anal. Chem.

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Complex hydroxyl aromatlc fractions isolated from nondlstlllable coal-derlved llqulds were separated by a comblnatlon of normal-phase and reversed-phase llquld chromatography. The normal-phase chromatographlc step effected the separation of hydroxyl aromatics Into mono-and dlhydroxyl fractlons. The mono-and dlhydroxyl fractlons from the coal-llquld sample were characterized with infrared and field-ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS). A monohydroxyl fraction of oils from a Kentucky coal-liquid sample was separated with an optimized reversed-phase chromatographlc system. The monohydroxyl fraction was completely eluted by uslng a comblnatlon of lsocratlc and gradient elution condltlons. The comblnatlon of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and FIMS provided a unique method for the characterization of the monohydroxyl fractlon of 011s from the Kentucky coal-liquid sample.The development and optimization of coal liquefaction processes for converting coal to environmentally acceptable liquids necessitate a fundamental understanding of coal liquefaction chemistry. This requires the development of new analytical separation methods and characterization procedures. However, no single method may suffice since sample composition and required compositional information will vary with the specific fuel and its intended use. Thus, if a coal-derived liquid is to be used as an energy source, compound-class separations may provide sufficient analytical information. On the other hand, if the coal-derived liquid is to be used as a petrochemical feed stock, separation and characterization of specific compounds may be required. Furthermore, the identification and elimination of toxic and carcinogenic compounds is necessary to reduce environmental and occupational health hazards.The extreme complexity of coal-derived liquids requires compound-class or functional-group-type separations prior to detailed characterization. Of particular interest are hydroxyl aromatics which are important in coal liquefaction processes and are abundant in coal-derived liquids. In addition, hydroxyl aromatics are important in many chemical processes and a number of exhibit carcinogenic and mutagenic activity ( I ) . Poirier and George (2), Trusell (3), and Yonko (4) have reviewed methods for separating coal-derived liquids according to compound types and the analytical methods used to characterize these fractions. In particular, Gorbaty et al. (5) have discussed the need for analytical methods for the separation and characterization of various oxygen functional groups in coal-derived liquids. Several methods have been developed for isolating and in some cases characterizing hydroxyl aromatic fractions from coal-derived liquid samples (2)(3)(4). However, very little work has been done in the subsequent separation and characterization of hydroxyl aromatic coal-liquid fractions.In general, both normal-and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been used to separate hydroxyl aromatics (6-20, and several of these HPLC systems have b...

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Thermochemical Analysis of U.S. Argonne Premium Coal Samples by Time-Resolved Pyrolysis-Field ionization Mass Spectrometry

Simmleit¹,

Schulten²,

Yun³

et al. 1992

Advances in Coal Spectroscopy

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Comparison of hydrocarbon composition in complex coal-liquid samples by liquid chromatography and field-ionization mass spectroscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)

Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)

Separation and characterization of hydroxyl aromatics in complex fractions from nondistillable coal-derived liquids

Thermochemical Analysis of U.S. Argonne Premium Coal Samples by Time-Resolved Pyrolysis-Field ionization Mass Spectrometry

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