Comparison of Hydroxyapatite Granules to Autogenous Bone Graft in Fusion Cages in a Goat Model

Preliminary experience of titanium mesh cages for pathological fracture of middle and lower cervical vertebrae

“…In goats, the in-growth of new bone in filled TMCs is unimpeded by hydroxyapatite. 27 Although the extent of ingrowth is exactly the same in triosite ceramic-filled and autologous bone-filled cages, the use of triosite ceramic delays radiographic fusion. However, use of triosite ceramic is associated with shortened hospital stays, reduced blood loss, and reduced operation times, and is not associated with donor site-related complications.…”

Primary stabilizing effect of interbody fusion devices for the cervical spine: an in vitro comparison between three different cage types and bone cement

“…They are small hollow implants that restore physiological disc height and stabilize spinal segments, primarily in distracting them [2] and secondarily in allowing through-the-implant growth of bone and bony fusion. To allow bone ingrowth, most cages have a central cavity to be filled with autologous cancellous bone [3,4,13,16,18], sterilized allograft bone [3] or other osteoinductive material [17,35] and lateral, upper and lower windows or pores. But some of these cages can cause clinical complications due to instability, subsidence or dislocation [1,11,24].…”

Biomechanical and Radiographic Comparison of Demineralized Bone Matrix, and a Coralline Hydroxyapatite in a Rabbit Spinal Fusion Model

“…Resorbable porous ceramics derived from chemically converted corals have been used successfully as bone graft substitutes in orthopedic and craniofacial applications [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ProOsteon Õ 500R is a synthetic material which is made by subjecting a common, non-decorative form of coral to a patented chemical process, which converts the outer shell (4 mM) to hydroxyapatite; this material shares the same mineral content as that of human bone.…”