Comparison of hypertension epidemiology and treatment in Poland and Australia

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONHypertension remains the leading preventable worldwide cause of premature cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. The risk for stroke, heart disease, and kidney and peripheral damage increases in a linear fashion with blood pressure (BP) levels across all age groups in both men and women. Although the benefits of reducing major CV events through BP control are well-recognised, the management of hypertension continues to be a major global challenge. The unmet need for improvements in hypertension detection and treatment have been raised globally, resulting in the multinational Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study [1]. Amongst 142,042 adults from 628 communities including high-income, upper-middle, low-middle and low-income countries, only 46.5% of participants were aware of their high BP levels, of whom less than half (40.6%) were receiving antihypertensive treatment, and only one in three (13.2%) individuals had achieved BP control < 140/90 mmHg [1]. The global disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control have been further detailed in a recent meta-analysis of 135 population-based studies including 968,419 adults from 90 countries [2]. In 2010, 31.1% of the worldwide adult population had elevated BP with a higher age-standardised prevalence of hypertension in low and middle-income countries (31.5%) compared to high-income countries (28.5%). Globally, the number of adults with hypertension reached an estimated total of 1.39 billion in 2010, including 349 million in high-income countries and 1.04 billion in low and middle-income countries. The highest prevalence and increase in prevalence of raised BP has been observed particularly in East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, and sub-Saharan

Correlations between health-promoting lifestyle and health-related quality of life among elderly people with hypertension in Hengyang, Hunan, China

“…The prevalence rates of HTN are 36.5% in American, [ 2 ] 36.9% in Lebanon, [ 3 ] 34% in Australian, and 32% in Poland. [ 4 ] In China, 270 million people (at least 1 of every 5 adults) suffer from hypertension. [ 5 ] Moreover, 59.4% of Chinese elderly people have high blood pressure.…”

Use of single pill combinations in the treatment of arterial hypertension in Poland: The current practice and guidelines, the impact on reimbursement spending and patient co-payment

“…The epidemiological situation in the world and in Poland is poor in this regard, with the situation in Poland having deteriorated in recent decades [ 11 – 20 ]. The number and the percentage of AH patients are increasing, while the percentage of patients with well-controlled blood pressure is still low [ 13 , 16 , 17 ]. On the other hand, the appropriate pharmacotherapy reduces the risk of AH-related complications by up to 40% [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Polyphenolic acid content in Brassica vegetables during hydrothermal treatment with salt addition

“…Hypertension affects 32,5% of polish adults, with a significantly higher prevalence in men than in women. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension‐related mortality are the major challenge for polish public health (Hering & Szymański, 2018). Decreasing high blood pressure is a major cardiovascular disease preventive step (He & MacGregor, 2010).…”