Comparison of <i>aqua regia</i> digestion with sodium carbonate fusion for the determination of total phosphorus in soils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP)

Crosland, A. R.; Zhao, Fang‐Jie; McGrath, Steve P.; Lane, P. W.

doi:10.1080/00103629509369377

Cited by 92 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Due to the high extraction efficiency of the aqua regia extraction, it is possible to assume, that the obtained values were close to the total content of P in soil. This corresponds with the results of Crossland et al (1995). These authors obtained very low differences between P ar and total P estimated using the alkaline fusion.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

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Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

Kulhánek¹,

Balík²,

Cerny³

et al. 2009

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Soil samples (from Czech and German long-term field experiments) were used to estimate different soil phosphorus (P) fractions. More than 200 topsoil (0-30 cm) samples from different fertilizing treatments were taken. These were analyzed for P in soil solution (P CaCl 2 ) [0.01M CaCl 2 extract], exchangeable sorbed P (P ex ) [anion exchange (aE) membranes] and bioavailable P [Doppel-lactat and Mehlich 3 (P Dl and P M3 )]. other fractions analyzed were total inorganic (P in ), total (P M-tot ) and organic (P org ) P [fractionation after Marks], P sorbed on Fe and al (P Feal ) [fractionation after Schwertmann] and residual P (P ar ) [aqua regia extract]. Comparison of medians appeared to be better for evaluating extraction abilities. Phosphorus fractions were in the following order: (P ar = 100%); P CaCl 2 (0.2%) < P ex (9%) < P Dl (10%) < P M3 (16%) < P in (24%) < P org (37%) < P Feal (55%) < P M-tot (59%). low amounts of P in , P org and P M-tot did not verify the applicability of the Marks' fractionation for the set of studied soils. Close correlations at P ≤ 0.001 were found for all methods for estimating the fractions of bioavailable phosphates (P CaCl 2 , P ex , P Dl and P M3 ). Statistically significant relations were observed between P in with P ar , P M-tot and P Feal .

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Commonly used extraction procedure is the aqua regia extraction (P ar ). according to Crossland et al (1995) this method correlates well with alkaline fusion. therefore, the aqua regia extraction for estimating of residual P is useful for indirect estimation of total P in soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

Kulhánek¹,

Balík²,

Cerny³

et al. 2009

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…When the study of Bear et al (2012) was initiated, surface horizons (0-20 cm) of soils at each site were sampled to determine inherent soil properties. Of interest, total P (Crosland et al 1995) in the soils ranged from 267 to 349 mg kg , which is comparable to total P (TP) measured in other Iowa watersheds with similar soil types (Zaimes et al 2008;Nellesen et al 2011). Additional information describing the 13 study sites is available from Bear et al (2012) and Tufekcioglu et al (2012).…”

Section: Watershed Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Air-dried samples were used to determine pH by glass electrode (soil/water, 1:1), particle size distribution by pipette method (Gee and Bauder 1986), and total carbon (TC) and TN by high-temperature dry combustion (Nelson and Sommers 1982). Total P was determined by digesting the sample in aqua regia (Crosland et al 1995) and analyzing the digest colorimetrically (Murphy and Riley 1962). Phosphorus, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Na, and K (P M3 , Ca M3 , Mg M3 , Fe M3 , Al M3 , Na M3 , and K M3 ) were extracted in Mehlich-3 solution (Mehlich 1984) and determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry.…”

Section: Sediment Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus source—sink relationships of stream sediments in the Rathbun Lake watershed in southern Iowa, USA

Hongthanat

Kovar

Thompson

et al. 2016

Environ Monit Assess

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The surface waters of Rathbun Lake watershed in southern Iowa are impacted by agricultural sources of sediments and nutrients, including phosphorus (P). Because stream sediments often play an important role in regulating P concentrations in stream water, we investigated sediment-water column P relationships in four creeks within the watershed and then evaluated the relationship between sediment properties and indicators of the risk of P loss. Based on Mehlich-3-extractable P (17 to 68 mg kg -1) and degree of P saturation (2 to 12 %), stream bank and bed sediments at the four sites were unlikely to serve as major sources of P. However, equilibrium P concentrations, which ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 mg L-1, indicated that bed sediments could release P to the water column depending on dissolved P (DP) concentrations in the stream water and the time of year. The likelihood of P desorption from the sediments increased with increasing pH (r=0.92, p < 0.01) and sand content (r = 0.78, p < 0.05), but decreased with clay content (r = −0.72, p < 0.05) and iron (Fe) (r = −0.93, p < 0.001) associated with organic matter. From these results, we speculate that changes in land use within the riparian areas may, at least initially, have little effect on P concentrations in the streams. Low concentrations of DP relative to total P (TP) in these streams, however, suggest that P loads to Rathbun Lake can be reduced if P inputs from eroded bank sediments are controlled. KeywordsStream sediments, Riparian pastures, Phosphorus losses, Degree of P saturation, equilibrium P concentration Abstract The surface waters of Rathbun Lake watershed in southern Iowa are impacted by agricultural sources of sediments and nutrients, including phosphorus (P). Because stream sediments often play an important role in regulating P concentrations in stream water, we investigated sediment-water column P relationships in four creeks within the watershed and then evaluated the relationship between sediment properties and indicators of the risk of P loss. Based on Mehlich-3-extractable P (17 to 68 mg kg −1) and degree of P saturation (2 to 12 %), stream bank and bed sediments at the four sites were unlikely to serve as major sources of P. However, equilibrium P concentrations, which ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 mg L −1 , indicated that bed sediments could release P to the water column depending on dissolved P (DP) concentrations in the stream water and the time of year. The likelihood of P desorption from the sediments increased with increasing pH (r = 0.92, p < 0.01) and sand content (r = 0.78, p < 0.05), but decreased with clay content (r = −0.72, p < 0.05) and iron (Fe) (r = −0.93, p < 0.001) associated with organic matter. From these results, we speculate that changes in land use within the riparian areas may, at least initially, have little effect on P concentrations in the streams. Low concentrations of DP relative to total P (TP) in these streams, however, suggest that P loads to Rathbun Lake can be reduced if P inputs from eroded bank sediments ar...

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“…Soils, spent litter and bentonite were subjected to analysis for (Rayment and Lyons, 2010): pH (1:5 mass ratio of sample to water), total-nitrogen (Kjeldahl nitrogen, method 7 A1), 2 M KCl extractable ammonium-N (NH 4 + -N) and nitrate + nitrite-N by steam distillation for the spent litter (NO 3 − + NO 2 − N; method 7A1) and via colourimetric analysis for the other materials (method 7C2b); Colwell-phosphorus (bicarbonate extractable phosphorus, method 9B2), total-potassium (aqua regia digest; method 17 C1), soluble (1 M ammonium chloride extract, pH 7.0; method 15 A1) and exchangeable bases (leaching with alcohol and glycerol solutions to remove soluble cations followed by alcoholic 1 M ammonium chloride extract, pH 8.5; method 15C1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC, sum of exchangeable cations; method 15J1), total carbon (high frequency induction furnace, method 6B2), total-phosphorus (Crosland et al, 1995), and organic carbon (Walkley and Black, 1934). Spent litter phytate content was estimated via acid extraction, exchange column separation, followed Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy analysis (Latta and Eskin, 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%