Comparison of image-formation properties of coherent nonlinear microscopy by means of double-sided Feynman diagrams

Fukutake, Naoki

doi:10.1364/josab.30.002665

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…is subject to CTF(0, 0, ) z f which depends both on the nonlinear optical process and on the NAs of the excitation and collection systems [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the factor F cosθ is nearly equal to 1 owing to the nearly-symmetric CTF. However, if the NA of the collection system is smaller than that of the excitation system in CARS microscopy, the CTF becomes asymmetric to some extent [20], which induces F cosθ to be smaller than 1. Figure 7 illustrates how the signals of THG and CARS microscopy build up in the case where the excitation beam is focused into the homogeneous medium through a higher-NA excitation system than the collection system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider the confocal system which can be applied to our experimental apparatus. Details on the image-formation properties of the confocal system are described elsewhere [20]. For simplicity, we assume that the optical system does not have the aberrations.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTF (f x , f y , f z ) is the Fourier transform of the amplitude point spread function (ASF) of the total system including the excitation and collection systems. In thirdorder nonlinear coherent microscopy, the ASF corresponds to the product of the cube of the excitation field formed by the excitation system and the signal field formed by the collection system [20]. The ASF is the image amplitude distribution of a single point object obtained by the total system.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum

Segawa¹,

Fukutake²,

Leproux³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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Third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) is one of the third-order nonlinear optical processes, and has the generation mechanism analogous to third harmonic generation (THG). By using a white-light supercontinuum, we can obtain broadband multiplex TSFG spectra. In the present study, we developed an electronically resonant TSFG spectrometer, and applied it to obtain TSFG spectra of hemoproteins. Analyzed TSFG ratio spectra clearly showed the resonant enhancement attributable to the electronic state of hemoproteins. This is a promising method for the imaging of electronic states of molecules inside living cells or tissues.

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“…is subject to CTF(0, 0, ) z f which depends both on the nonlinear optical process and on the NAs of the excitation and collection systems [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum

Segawa¹,

Fukutake²,

Leproux³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

Self Cite

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“…Confocal fluorescence microscopy harnesses fluorescence as an optical process to increase the optical resolution, compared with microscopy with a χ (1) -derived optical process. Confocal microscopy that utilizes a χ (1) -derived optical process has a resolution limit (frequency cutoff) of NA ex /λ ex + NA col /λ ex , where λ ex is the wavelength of the excitation beam, NA ex is the numerical aperture of the objective in the excitation system, and NA col is the numerical aperture of the objective in the signal-collection system [3,4], while confocal fluorescence microscopy theoretically indicates the resolution limit of 2NA ex /λ ex + 2 NA col /λ fl , where λ fl is the wavelength of the fluorescence. Note that in conventional (wide field) fluorescence microscopy, since the entire specimen is excited evenly, which corresponds to the condition NA ex = 0, the resolution limit becomes 2 NA col /λ fl .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Image-Forming Theory for Calculation of Resolution Limit in Laser Microscopy

Fukutake¹

2016

Microscopy and Analysis

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Here we show what determines the optical resolution in laser microscopy. We define the expanded resolution limit (spatial frequency cutoff) that includes the classic Abbe definition as 2 NA/λ, where λ is the wavelength. The resolution limit can approximately be redefined as the frequency cutoff αNA/λ, where α is the constant that depends on the optical process occurring in the sample. In the case of the optical process originating from the linear susceptibility χ (1) , the resolution limit is well known as the Abbe definition, namely, α = 2. However, when other optical processes are harnessed to form the image through laser microscopy, the resolution limit can differ. We formulate a theoretical framework that can calculate the expanded resolution limits of all kinds of laser microscopy utilizing coherent, incoherent, linear, and nonlinear optical processes.

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Frequency Modulation Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy through Polarization Encoding

et al. 2019

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Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful method for imaging molecular distributions based on their intrinsic vibrational contrast. However, despite a growing list of biological applications, SRS is frequently hindered by a parasitic background signal which both overpowers the signal in low-signal applications and makes the extraction of quantitative information from images challenging. Frequency modulation (FM) has been used to suppress this parasitic background. However, many FM-SRS methods require either the acquisition of multiple images or the addition of multiple optomechanical components and an extensive realignment procedure. Herein, we report a new procedure for alignment-free FM-SRS utilizing polarization encoding. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, along with parabolic amplification of the Stokes pulse, at removing parasitic background signals in SRS microscopy applications. We further highlight how this technique can be used to suppress Raman signals from major molecular species to unveil spectral signatures from nucleic acids in both murine brain tissue and whole blood. Due to its ease of use and demonstrated experimental capabilities, we expect this technique to see broad use in the SRS microscopy community.

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Comparison of image-formation properties of coherent nonlinear microscopy by means of double-sided Feynman diagrams

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum

Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum

Quantum Image-Forming Theory for Calculation of Resolution Limit in Laser Microscopy

Frequency Modulation Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy through Polarization Encoding

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