Comparison of image quality and in vivo appearance of the normal equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in computed tomography and high field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging

Kaminsky, Joachim; Bienert‐Zeit, Astrid; Hellige, Maren; Rohn, Karl; Ohnesorge, Bernhard

doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0643-6

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Modern imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), enable fast non‐invasive visualization of animal anatomy in live animals (Lauridsen et al., 2011). CT provides differential appearance of bone, soft tissues, sinuses and cavities according to their radiodensity (Alsafy, El‐Gendy, & El Sharaby, 2013; Kaminsky, Bienert‐Zeit, Hellige, Rohn, & Ohnesorge, 2016) which in turn enables easy identification of those structures within CT slices. Although CT is an X‐ray‐based imaging technique, it is superior than conventional radiography, because it is not affected by superimposition or the thickness of tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Mahdy

Zayed

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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The red fox (Vulpes vulpes, order Carnivora, family Canidae, tribe Vulpini) is a universally, widespread wild carnivore in the world (Statham et al., 2014). It is the largest true fox present in the Middle East and North Africa being distributed in hill areas close to human habitats and agricultural land. In Egypt, red fox can be found along the Egyptian coast, Nile Delta and Nile Valley up to Sudanese borders (Stuart & Stuart, 2017). Its spreading is somewhat related to human distribution (Osborn & Helmy, 1980). Red foxes have an important impact on human interests since they play an integral role in conservation biology (Virgós & Travaini, 2005). Red foxes have been reported as a reservoir for rabies virus and have an important role in the trans-governmental spread of rabies virus in Egypt with a possibility of spreading to neighbouring countries via uncontrolled movement of foxes across the boundaries (El-Tholoth, El-Beskawy, & Hamed, 2015). Moreover, red foxes are considered as a potential reservoir of canine distemper virus (Aničić et al., 2018). Additionally, red foxes have an economic importance in traditional fur countries, such as the Soviet Union, Mongolia and from North America (Stubbe, 1980). Modern imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), enable fast non-invasive visualization of animal anatomy in live

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Mahdy

Zayed

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…The four-point rating scale used for the present examinations was designed to objectify results for a more detailed and less subjective comparison of CT and MRI. Whereas [18] focused on the CT and 3.0 T MRI’s ability to portray paranasal sinuses, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first evaluation which scores the quality of CT and MR images of equine dental tissues based on a grading system and compares the influence of the condition of the specimens on image quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons could be found in the MR coil positioning: whereas the whole head was scanned in the CT, examination coils were placed around the region of interest in the MRI, allowing a field of view of about 25 × 25 cm. The field of view in the current study ranged from 16 to 25 cm, therefore, mispositioning might lead to a decrease of signal intensity and image quality [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CT and MR images were graded separately, and information concerning the specimen’s condition were hidden. A modified four-point rating scale was used by each observer to analyse the image quality (Table 2), as described in several human and veterinary studies evaluating imaging techniques [15, 18, 19]. Additionally, the visibility and the differentiation (contours and tissue distinction) of specific dental, periodontal and adjacent structures were graded (Tables 1 and 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens’ conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI.ResultsThe CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens’ conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition.ConclusionsOn comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.

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“…Hence, advanced imaging techniques or sinoscopy are often required to reach a definitive diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) identifies apical infections in 97% of cases and is the current gold standard to diagnose sinus diseases . Limitations of CT include cost, availability, and the requirement for general anesthesia for select units, especially in North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a 2‐mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique

Pouyet

Bonilla

2019

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To describe the technique, experience, and limitations of using a 2‐mm flexible endoscope to perform standing minimally invasive sinoscopy. Study design In phases 1 and 2, we used cadaveric heads (ex vivo). In phase 3, we used unaffected horses (in vivo). Animals Five cadaveric equine skulls in phase 1 and 10 cadaveric equine skulls in phase 2. Six horses older than 5 years in phase 3. Methods In phase 1, the specimens were used to determine the suitability of the endoscope for sinoscopy and the ideal landmarks to approach the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies performed with a 14 gauge needle. In phase 2, a nonblinded evaluation of the visualization of the different sinus compartments was performed, and a score was attributed to each structure. Procedures were video recorded and compared with direct visualization of the sinuses after performing frontal and maxillary flaps. In phase 3, the technique was validated in healthy horses under sedation. Results The landmarks determined in phase 1 allowed a thorough exploration of the sinuses in phases 2 and 3. Sinoscopy findings were confirmed after direct visualization of the sinuses via frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2. The procedure was well tolerated by all horses. Conclusion Minimally invasive sinoscopy was readily performed without relevant complications in standing horses. A thorough evaluation of most sinus structures was obtained only using the frontal and the rostral maxillary portals. Clinical significance Minimally invasive sinoscopy offers an alternative diagnostic tool to veterinarians. A specialized endoscope and appropriate training are required to perform this minimally invasive procedure.

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Comparison of image quality and in vivo appearance of the normal equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in computed tomography and high field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

Validation of a 2‐mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique

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