Comparison of Immuno-chromatography Test with ELISA for Acute Dengue Diagnosis at Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Introduction: In the recent few decades, there had been a dramatic rise in the global incidence of dengue. As the disease is associated with high mortality and morbidity, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for early appropriate management and for prevention of complications. Now days, a variety of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) kits and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) based test kits are available. In this present study we have attempted to do a diagnostic test evaluation of rapid ICT with ELISA for detection of NS1 antigen and IgM antibody for acute dengue diagnosis. Material and Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Raigarh from November 2017 to October 2018. 1200 suspected serum samples were tested for dengue identification by Immuno-chromatography (ICT) based RDT kit (J. Mitra and Co. Pvt.Ltd, India) which detects NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies. From the Dengue rapid reactive samples test done by ICTs were subjected to ELISA tests for Confirmation NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. Results: The Rapid Dengue Test showed a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 74% for NS1 antigen detection and 76% and 90% for IgM Antibody detection. Conclusion: Good sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of dengue was observed. These kits are suitable for early detection of dengue cases, as with high sensitivity and specificity it can help in early screening of patients and can further limit the spread of disease where ELISA facilities are not available.