Comparison of Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Five Primary Series of COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens against Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern among Healthy Thai Populations

Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya; Mueangmo, Oramai; Saheng, Jutamad; Winichakoon, Poramed; Salee, Parichat; Wongjak, Worawan; Chaito, Tanachot; Praparattanapan, Jutarat; Nuket, Khanuengnit; Solai, Nuttarika; Wipasa, Jiraprapa; Chawansuntati, Kriangkrai; Chaiwarith, Romanee

doi:10.3390/vaccines11030564

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The immune response to a vaccine varies with populations, prior antibody positivity, and the type of antibody tests used. We compared the immune response of the COVISHIELD vaccine used in India with AZD-1222, the early counterpart of COVISHIELD vaccine, administered in Germany ( 40 ), Taiwan ( 41 ) Africa ( 42 ), and Thailand ( 43 ). The tests used were pseudotype neutralization for the first three and an ELISA-based surrogate neutralization test for the fourth study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some countries, different vaccines were used depending on their availability. In Taiwan ( 41 ) and Thailand ( 43 ), mRNA vaccines performed better than AZD-1222 while though mRNA vaccines elicited higher Nab levels in Germany ( 40 ), fold reduction was high for the Beta variant and similar for the Delta variant. A two-dose regimen of the AZD1222 vaccine in South Africa did result in a lower antibody response using a live B.1.351 variant neutralization assay, and the vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate COVID-19 ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform

et al. 2023

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For the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, emergence of variants accumulating immune-escape mutations remains a major concern. We analyzed the anti-variant (n = 10) neutralization activity of sera from COVID-19 patients infected with Wuhan (B.1), Kappa, and Delta variants and COVISHIELD vaccine recipients with (prepositives) or without (prenegatives) prior antibody positivity using V- PLEX ACE2 Neutralization Kit from MSD. MSD and PRNT50 correlated well (r = 0.76–0.83, p < 0.0001). Despite the least antibody positivity in Kappa patients, anti-variant neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels in the responders were comparable with Delta patients. Vaccinees sampled at 1 month (PD2-1) and 6 months (PD2-6) post-second dose showed the highest seropositivity and Nab levels against the Wuhan strain. At PD2-1, the responder rate was variant-dependent and 100% respectively in prenegatives and prepositives. Nab levels against B.1.135.1, B.1.620, B.1.1.7+E484K (both groups), AY.2 (prenegatives), and B.1.618 (prepositives) were lower than that of Wuhan. At PD2-6, positivity decreased to 15.6%–68.8% in the prenegatives; 3.5%–10.7% of prepositives turned negative for the same four variants. As against the decline in Nab levels in 9/10 variants (prenegatives), a further reduction was seen against the same four variants in the prepositives. These variants possess immune-evasion-associated mutations in the RBD/S region. In conclusion, our data show that the Nab response of patients to multiple variants depends on the infecting variant. We confirm superiority of hybrid immunity in neutralizing multiple variants. Depending on the infecting variant pre- or postvaccination, immune response to different vaccines in different populations will vary and impact protection against emerging variants. The MSD platform provides an excellent alternative to live virus/pseudovirus neutralization tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform

et al. 2023

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“…Some relevant studies on the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 have been reported [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In Korea, adverse events among healthcare workers who received all three doses of the BNT vaccine were analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, ChAd-BTN induced the highest mean of neutralizing antibody (NAb-WT) against wild-type SARS-CoV-2. NAb-WT levels against the variants of interest, particularly the Omicron strain, were markedly attenuated for all vaccine regimens [ 13 ]. A cohort study on Military Health System beneficiaries in the United States compared humoral responses in participants vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccine/infection combinations (“hybrid immunity”).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S Booster Dose among Navy Personnel in Mexico

Ventura-Enríquez,

Cortina-De la Rosa,

Díaz-Padilla

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been recommended to improve and prolong immunity, address waning immunity over time, and contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. A heterologous booster vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach. To compare the immunogenicity of two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S booster dose, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody titers (Ab) were compared over 1 year and post-booster vaccination. Results showed that, at 3- to 9-month assessments in vaccinated subjects, an-ti-N Ab were undetectable in participants with no history of COVID-19. In contrast, anti-S Ab measurements were lower than those with COVID-19, and a decrease was observed during the 9 months of observation. After booster vaccination, no differences were found in anti-S between participants who reported a history of COVID-19 and those who did not. Anti-S levels were higher after booster vaccination measurement vs. at 9 months in participants with COVID-19 and without COVID-19, i.e., independent of an infection history. Vaccine administration elicited a response of higher anti-S IgG levels in those infected before vaccination, although levels decreased during the first nine months. IgG anti-N titers were higher in participants with a history of declared infection and who were asymptomatic. The ChAdOx1-S booster increased anti-S Ab levels in participants regardless of whether they had been infected or not to a significantly higher value than with the first two vaccines. These findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in eliciting a robust and sustained immune response against COVID-19, regardless of the prior infection status.

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“…Overall, 65% of the world's population have completed an initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol (two doses for most vaccines, one or three doses for a few manufacturers), and only 35% have received COVID-19 vaccination booster doses [4]. Although most of the available COVID-19 vaccine regimens, both homologous and heterologous prime-boost schedules, exhibit high effectiveness in reducing infection, disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, with favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles in healthy populations [5][6][7], the vaccine-elicited immunity is not perpetual and requires enhancement by booster vaccination to ensure the sustainability of protective immunity and improve vaccine efficacy over time [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Safety of an Additional Heterologous versus Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination among Non-Seroconverted Immunocompromised Patients after a Two-Dose Primary Series of mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nangsue,

Srisurapanont,

Sudjaritruk

2024

Vaccines

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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of an additional heterologous (viral vector) versus homologous (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine dose among non-seroconverted immunocompromised patients after a two-dose primary series of mRNA vaccine. We searched studies published up to 21 June 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The meta-analysis was conducted to compare the seropositivity rates based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG (anti-S IgG) and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immune response rates, assessed by interferon-γ release assay at 4 weeks, and the incidences of serious adverse events (SAEs) within 28 days between the two vaccine regimens. In four included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), there were no statistically significant differences in the seropositive rate of anti-S IgG (risk ratio [RR]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.48–1.29) and the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 interferon-γ (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.96–1.48) between heterologous and homologous regimens. The heterologous regimen exhibited a significantly lower incidence of injection pain (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45–0.69), but a higher incidence of headache (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02–2.02) compared with the homologous regimen. No vaccine-related SAEs were reported within 28 days following vaccination. An additional heterologous or homologous COVID-19 vaccine dose was well tolerated and demonstrated a comparable vaccine immunogenicity among non-seroconverted immunocompromised patients who were initially vaccinated with a two-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This finding supports the recommendations of an extended primary series of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised persons.

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Comparison of Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Five Primary Series of COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens against Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern among Healthy Thai Populations

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform

Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform

Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S Booster Dose among Navy Personnel in Mexico

A Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Safety of an Additional Heterologous versus Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination among Non-Seroconverted Immunocompromised Patients after a Two-Dose Primary Series of mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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