Comparison of incremental and constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance in COPD

Hill, Kylie; Jenkins, Sue; Philippe, Danielle L.; Shepherd, Kelly; Hillman, David R.; Eastwood, Peter R.

doi:10.1183/09031936.00095406

Cited by 36 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As for the endurance test, it was noticed that only sustained maximum inspiratory pressure was significantly different between the groups, which corroborates the results of Hill et al, 21 who concluded that sustained maximum inspiratory pressure is more sensitive to detect differences in the endurance of those who undergo inspiratory muscle training. That is because the time limit is highly variable among subjects, and it can be influenced by many external factors, such as motivation, tolerance of unpleasant sensations, and the very strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The breathing pattern was kept free. This protocol is an adaptation of the protocols of Hill et al 21 and Beckerman et al 32 The calisthenics-and-breathing exercises group performed a program of specific exercises aimed at improving biomechanics and chest mobility, adapted from the program described by Probst et al 11 The sequence of exercises was designed so that the complexity progressively increased every month. A series of 9 exercises, each one performed 15 times, was carried out (Table 1).…”

Section: Physical Training Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a protocol has already been described in a study by Dias et al 22 For both tests, a breathing pattern was not fixed, but the respiratory rate was constantly monitored and recorded. 21 The tests were considered finished when the subject could not generate the determined load in 3 successive attempts or spontaneously, due to dyspnea and/or fatigue. Verbal encouragement was given to stimulate maximum performance.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That evaluation consisted of 2 tests, an incremental test and a constant one, performed on the same day with an interval of 30 min between them, and the methods described in the literature were adapted for this study. [19][20][21] The incremental test started with 10 cm H 2 O (minimum load of the device), held for 2 min, followed by 1 min of rest. After that, the load was increased by 10 cm H 2 O, and so on.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Calisthenics-and-Breathing Exercises in COPD With and Without Respiratory Muscle Weakness

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD may experience respiratory muscle weakness. Two therapeutic approaches to the respiratory muscles are inspiratory muscle training and calisthenics-andbreathing exercises. The aims of the study are to compare the effects of inspiratory muscle training and calisthenics-and-breathing exercises associated with physical training in subjects with COPD as an additional benefit of strength and endurance of the inspiratory muscles, thoracoabdominal mobility, physical exercise capacity, and reduction in dyspnea on exertion. In addition, these gains were compared between subjects with and without respiratory muscle weakness. METHODS: 25 subjects completed the study: 13 composed the inspiratory muscle training group, and 12 composed the calisthenics-and-breathing exercises group. Subjects were assessed before and after training by spirometry, measurements of respiratory muscle strength and test of inspiratory muscle endurance, thoracoabdominal excursion measurements, and the 6-min walk test. Moreover, scores for the Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale were reported. RESULTS: After intervention, there was a significant improvement in both groups of respiratory muscle strength and endurance, thoracoabdominal mobility, and walking distance in the 6-min walk test. Additionally, there was a decrease of dyspnea in the 6-min walk test peak. A difference was found between groups, with higher values of respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility and lower values of dyspnea in the 6-min walk test peak and the Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale in the inspiratory muscle training group. In the inspiratory muscle training group, subjects with respiratory muscle weakness had greater gains in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions increased exercise capacity and decreased dyspnea during physical effort. However, inspiratory muscle training was more effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, which could result in a decreased sensation of dyspnea. In addition, subjects with respiratory muscle weakness that performed inspiratory muscle training had higher gains in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance but not of dyspnea and submaximal exercise capacity. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01510041.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Physical Training Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Calisthenics-and-Breathing Exercises in COPD With and Without Respiratory Muscle Weakness

et al. 2015

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“…It has been suggested that with COPD patients, the advantages of rehabilitation depend on the training intensity used (Hsieh et al, 2007). Thus far, most studies utilize inspiratory muscle training to rehabilitate COPD patients (Hill et al, 2007). Potentially, HIT may be a useful alternative training approach.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function

Dunham

Harms

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been utilized as a time-efficient strategy to induce numerous physiological adaptations and improve performance usually associated with "traditional" endurance training (ET). It is not known however, if HIT might lead to improvements in pulmonary function. Therefore we hypothesized that HIT would increase respiratory muscle strength and expiratory flow rates. Fifteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an ET group (n = 7) and a HIT group (n = 8).All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion (VO 2 max) on a cycle ergometer prior to and after training. Standard pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal flow volume loops, were performed pre training and after each week of training. HIT subjects performed a four week training program on a cycle ergometer at 90% of their VO 2 max final workload while the ET subjects performed exercise at 60-70% of their VO 2 max final workload. All subjects trained three days/ week. The HIT group performed five one-minute bouts with three minute recovery periods and the ET group cycled for 45 minutes continuously at a constant workload. A five-mile time trial was performed prior to training, after two weeks of training, and after four weeks of training. Both groups showed similar (p<0.05) increases in VO 2 max (~8-10%) and improvements in time trials following training (HIT 6.5 ± 1.3%, ET 4.4 ± 1.8%) with no difference (p>0.05) between groups. Both groups increased (p<0.05) PImax post training (ET ~25%, HIT ~43%) with values significantly higher for HIT than ET. There was no change (p>0.05) in expiratory flow rates with training in either group. These data suggest that whole body exercise training is effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength with HIT leading to greater improvements than ET. Also, HIT offers a time-efficient alternative to ET in improving aerobic capacity and performance.iv

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Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Ammous

Feki

Lotfi

et al. 2023

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Comparison of incremental and constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance in COPD

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Calisthenics-and-Breathing Exercises in COPD With and Without Respiratory Muscle Weakness

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Calisthenics-and-Breathing Exercises in COPD With and Without Respiratory Muscle Weakness

Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function

Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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