Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Bioaerosols in Poultry Farming

Lonc, Elżbieta; Plewa, Kinga

doi:10.5772/20096

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Rhizophus, Mucor and Geotrichum [21,23,27,32]. In our study, total fungal count in broiler house air was consistent with previous research, having increased significantly (p < 0.05) by the mid-fattening period in both seasons (Figure 1), which could be explained by higher broiler activity in the initial fattening period, whereafter their activity decreased due to greater body mass and reduced mobility, thus decreasing the level of air pollution [27].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

et al. 2021

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Fungi are present in abundance in poultry housing. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of season and microclimate parameters in poultry housing on fungal flora in the air and broiler trachea in commercial fattening conditions. The study was conducted in summer and winter. Study results indicated seasonal impact and association between fungal flora composition in housing air and broiler trachea. However, the total fungal count in housing air was significantly higher in summer and in broiler trachea in winter, both significantly correlated with indoor relative humidity and ammonia concentration. There was no significant correlation between outdoor and indoor air temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate, respectively. Study results suggested that environmental determination of fungi should be accompanied by their determination in broilers. In addition, seasonal impact on fungal contamination should be associated with microclimate conditions in the poultry house rather than the season itself. The fungi detected and the results obtained have implications not only for broiler health but also for the health of humans working in such environments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

et al. 2021

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“…Ammonia levels as low as 50 to 75 ppm can reduce the productivity levels of modern commercial broiler chickens [ 4 ]. High levels of ammonia can produce inflammation in the upper respiratory tract of poultry, making the respiratory system susceptible to viral and bacterial infections [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Generation System for Poultry Health Research Using Arduino

Hofstetter

Fabian-Wheeler

Lorenzoni

2021

Sensors

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An ammonia gas (NH3) generator was developed to maintain a set concentration of ammonia gas in a controlled environment chamber to study poultry physiological responses to sustained elevated levels of ammonia gas. The goal was to maintain 50 parts per million (ppm) of ammonia gas in a 3.7 m × 4.3 m × 2.4 m (12 ft × 14 ft × 8 ft) controlled environment chamber. The chamber had a 1.5 m3/s (3000 cfm) recirculation system that regulated indoor temperature and humidity levels and a 0.06 m3/s (130 cfm) exhaust fan that exchanged indoor air for fresh outdoor air. The ammonia generator was fabricated by coupling ultrasonic humidifiers with an Arduino-based microcontroller and a metallic oxide MQ-137 ammonia gas sensor. Preliminary evaluation under steady conditions showed the average MQ-137 gas sensor accuracy was within 1.4% of the 65.4 ppm concentration measured using a highly accurate infrared gas analyzer. Further evaluation was performed for a setpoint concentration of 50 ppm where ammonia generator reservoirs were filled with 2% or 10% ammonia liquid. For the system tested, it was found that two generators operating at the same time filled with 3.8 L (1.0 gallon) of 2% ammonia cleaning liquid each (7.6 L or 2.0 gallons total) could maintain a gas level of 49.45 ± 0.79 ppm in the chamber air for a duration of 30 h before refilling was required. One generator filled with 3.8 L of 10% ammonia cleaning liquid could maintain 51.24 ± 1.53 ppm for 195 h. Two ammonia generators were deployed for a six-week animal health experiment in two separate controlled environment chambers. The two ammonia generators maintained an average ammonia concentration of 46.42 ± 3.81 ppm and 45.63 ± 4.95 ppm for the duration of the experiment.

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“…Fungi in the genera Stachybotry, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Trichothecium. have been reported to be present in soil [1]. Some soil fungi are considered as potential pathogens to both humans and animals, particularly dermatophytic fungi which are commonly associated with human and animal mycoses [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor settings, poor management, and poor hygiene practices in poultry farms are usually encountered, rendering the farms significant sources of fungal contaminants and diseases. Contamination of fungal pathogens in soil and air may constitute a considerable health hazard to the chickens, farmers and those living in close proximity to the farms [1]. Airborne fungi and their mycotoxins carry an inherent of respiratory risk which has been linked to inhalation of fungal spores [7], thus they have received much attention from medical researchers as well as environmentalists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airborne fungi and their mycotoxins carry an inherent of respiratory risk which has been linked to inhalation of fungal spores [7], thus they have received much attention from medical researchers as well as environmentalists. Airborne fungi are always present in the atmosphere, and their concentration varies depending on environmental conditions, fungal substrates, and human activities [1,8]. Exposure to organic dusts may activate asthma syndrome and chronic bronchitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of biosecurity and fungal contaminants in the poultry farms in Songkhla Province, Thailand

Wingfield¹,

Phaichamnan²,

Jumnongnit³

2021

ScienceAsia

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Spreading of pathogenic fungi and toxigenic fungi in the poultry farms could lead to adverse health effects to exposed workers and chickens. Soil and air (indoor and outdoor) samples from two poultry farms in Songkhla Province, Thailand, were studied for the presence of fungal contaminants. The results demonstrated a mean value of 4445 CFU/g and 1908 CFU/m 3 from soil and air samples, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no influence of seasonal variation on the concentration of fungi. A total of 28 species belonging to 16 genera, including nonsporulating fungi, were recovered from soil and air samples in both poultry farms. Sixteen fungal genera were obtained in soil samples and Penicillium was the most frequently encountered genus (34.1%), followed by Aspergillus (33.4%) and Cladosporium (11.7%). Ten genera (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Curvularia, Trichoderma, Acremonium, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Scopulariopsis) were identified in the air samples. Characteristics of the poultry farms and surrounding environment were described and the biosecurity level of the farms was evaluated. The results revealed a low biosecurity level and high vulnerability to fungal contamination of the farms. The present study showed that poultry farms were potential reservoirs of substantial loads of fungal contaminants and fungal pathogens.

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Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Bioaerosols in Poultry Farming

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

Ammonia Generation System for Poultry Health Research Using Arduino

Evaluation of biosecurity and fungal contaminants in the poultry farms in Songkhla Province, Thailand

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