Comparison of Influenza B/Hong Kong Virus Infections among Infants, Children, and Young Adults

Wright, Peter F.; Bryant, James; Karzon, David T.

doi:10.1093/infdis/141.4.430

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the HI antibody response to influenza B was poor (Table 2), as previously reported (Clark et al 1970;Wright, Bryant & Karzon, 1980). A fourfold or greater antibody response to B/Kanagawa HA antigen was seen in only 3-50% of the students tested, and the geometric mean HI titres remained unchanged at approximately 50-70.…”

Section: Serodiagnosis Of Natural Infection With Influenza a Virus Dusupporting

confidence: 71%

Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan

Yamane

Hiratsuka

Arikawa

et al. 1981

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAntibody responses to influenza virus immunizations were examined among junior high school students. The students received two doses of a commercial split-product vaccine containing influenza A HINI during a 2-year period following the first appearance of HINI virus in the winter of 1977-78. In haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests, the students who had been infected with HiNt virus in 1977-78 showed a better response and wider cross-reactivity to the drift strain than the students who had not experienced earlier HiN1 influenza infection. Neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titres after immunization depended upon a history of natural infection with HINt virus, since students not previously infected showed no significant NAI antibody rise after immunization.

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Section: Serodiagnosis Of Natural Infection With Influenza a Virus Dusupporting

confidence: 71%

Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan

Yamane

Hiratsuka

Arikawa

et al. 1981

J. Hyg.

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“…28 Again we saw that the HAI response to the influenza B vaccine component, and to natural influenza B infection, in young children is often limited. 29,30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Responses After Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Young Children

Wright

Sannella²,

Shi³

et al. 2008

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background The frequency and duration of antibody responses after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in young children are not well defined and assume greater importance with the expanded recommendations for vaccine use in children aged 6 months–5 years. Methods Forty-three children aged 6–23 months were vaccinated with TIV in the fall of 2002. At enrollment the majority of children were seronegative to one or more of the vaccine antigens and had no previously documented influenza. Postvaccination sera were collected in the subsequent fall and winter seasons. Acute antibody responses to TIV were determined using standardized hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization assays. In calculating the duration of responses, sequential sera were analyzed to the last available sera, to the point at which antibody became undetectable, or to intercurrent influenza infection. Results Forty-three subjects contributed 121 sera that were analyzed for HAI responses to TIV. Four-fold HAI rises after 2 doses of TIV in naive individuals were seen in 13 (72%) to H3N2, 22 (92%) to H1N1, and 15 (60%) to influenza B. Fewer 4-fold rises were seen in those with preexisting antibody. The results of microneutralization assays to H3N2 correlated well with HAI results. The time for antibody to decay to one-half of the postvaccination titer (t1/2) was approximately 126 days for H1N1 and 258 days for H3N2. Conclusions Although not all children responded with 4-fold rises in antibody or achieved the putative protective titer of ≥1:32, the half-life of antibody suggested that children immunized in the fall should have immune responses sustained throughout the ensuing influenza season.

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“…Studies of hospitalised influenza patients also report neurological symptoms, such as febrile convulsions [97, 115, 119], although these are often reported as complications of the disease rather than symptoms (see next section). As well as the neurological system, other non-respiratory systems can be commonly affected in influenza: in some epidemics, up to 50 % of children have presented with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhoea, particularly those who are admitted to hospital, and affecting children of all age groups [1, 11, 67, 69, 90, 134]. In a study of children and adolescents hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza, sepsis-like illness was the admission diagnosis for 52 % of those aged <6 months and for up to 16 % of older children [115].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza in infants and children

2013

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The burden of influenza is unevenly distributed, with more severe outcomes in children aged <5 years than older children and adults. In spite of this, immunisation policies for young children are far from universal. This article provides an overview of the published evidence on the burden of influenza in children worldwide, with a particular interest in the impact of pandemic influenza in 2009–2010 (caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus). In an average season, up to 9.8 % of 0- to 14-year olds present with influenza, but incidence rates can be markedly higher in younger children. Children aged <5 years have greater rates of hospitalisation and complications than their older counterparts, particularly if the children have co-existing illnesses; historically, this age group have had higher mortality rates from the disease than other children, although during the 2009–2010 pandemic the median age of those who died of influenza was higher than in previous seasons. Admissions to hospital and emergency departments appear to have been more frequent in children with H1N1pdm09 infections than during previous seasonal epidemics, with pneumonia continuing to be a common complication in this setting. Outcomes in children hospitalised with severe disease also seem to have been worse for those infected with H1N1pdm09 viruses compared with seasonal viruses. Studies in children confirm that vaccination reduces the incidence of seasonal influenza and the associated burden, underlining the importance of targeting this group in national immunisation policies. Conclusions: Children aged <5 years are especially vulnerable to influenza, particularly that caused by seasonal viruses, and vaccination in this group can be an effective strategy for reducing disease burden.

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Comparison of Influenza B/Hong Kong Virus Infections among Infants, Children, and Young Adults

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan

Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan

Antibody Responses After Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Young Children

The burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza in infants and children

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