Comparison of infrared thermography, ground-penetrating radar and ultrasonic pulse echo for detecting delaminations in concrete bridges

Janků, Michal; Cikrle, Petr; Grošek, Jiří; Anton, O; Stryk, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.320

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An ultrasonic wave (UW) test was performed on the samples before and after heating, as shown in Figure 4. The change in the ultrasonic wave can reflect the internal element before the heat, then show the internal degradation of the concrete sample after the heat, therefore, indicating the internal change in the sample and predicting its failure [21,22] .…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Test Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths of Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete and Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete After Exposure to High Temperatures

Tchekwagep¹

2020

Ceramics - Silikaty

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The use of SAC (sulfoaluminate cement) has been increasing in the constructions of diverse buildings with some close to reactors, which are often exposed to high temperatures in China. This study compares the flexural strength, compressive strength, crack load, mass weight loss, porosity, and flexural stress--strain of the sulfoaluminate cement concrete (SACC) to that of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) after both are exposed to high temperatures. The results show that the samples of SACC show a rapid decrease in the flexural strength, crack load, and compressive strength after heating, and, thus, cannot be repaired, but should be demolished. Samples made with OPCC can be repaired because the structural integrity remains acceptable after heating. 56 % SACC is < half of its initial strength after heating to 200 °C while OPCC remains at > 90 % of its compressive strength after heating at 200 °C, and retains 80 % of its compressive strength when heated to 300 °C. SACC initially had a higher flexural strength and consequently a higher crack load; therefore, it performed better than the OPCC in terms of the load carrying capacity of the structure. Also, the OPCC had a constant decrease in the strength, compared to the SACC which did not. However, the OPCC has a better resilience strength rating as the temperatures increase than the SACC one because testing revealed a very rapid decrease in the strength after exposure to 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C. The results agree on the better firm structure uniformity and density of the SACC at an ambient temperature (20 °C) compared to the OPCC. The severe deterioration (micro-crack) inside both concretes, revealed by the longer transmitting time and the small amplitude values of the waves, indicated the effective negative impact which is no longer demonstrated when the extreme temperature has a larger effect on the concrete made with SAC, therefore, the other results highlighted the rapid decrease in the strength of the SACC compared to that of the OPCC.

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Section: Experimental Set-up and Test Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths of Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete and Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete After Exposure to High Temperatures

Tchekwagep¹

2020

Ceramics - Silikaty

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“…Ensuring safe and long-term use of concrete structures and elements requires, among other things, appropriate diagnostics. It can use destructive testing (e.g., by testing the strength of drilled cores [1,2]), semi-destructive testing (e.g., pull-out [1,3], pull-off [4,5] methods) and non-destructive testing (NDT, e.g., using sclerometer tests [1,3,6], thermal imaging techniques [7,8], analysis of natural frequencies [9,10], stereological investigations [11], acoustic emission [12,13], X-ray tomography [12], ground-penetrating radars [7,14,15], ultrasound [1,3,7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] including ultrasound tomography [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]). The choice of method depends on the material characteristics that we want or are able to measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Dijkstra’s Algorithm in Assessing the Correctness of Imaging Brittle Damage in Concrete Beams by Means of Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography

Perkowski

Tatara

2020

Materials

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The accuracy of transmission ultrasonic tomography for the detection of brittle damage in concrete beams can be effectively supported by the graph theory and, in particular, by Dijkstra’s algorithm. It allows determining real paths of the fastest ultrasonic wave propagation in concrete containing localized elastically degraded zones at any stage of their evolution. This work confronts this type of approach with results that can be obtained from non-local isotropic damage mechanics. On this basis, the authors developed a method of reducing errors in tomographic reconstruction of longitudinal wave velocity maps which are caused by using the simplifying assumptions of straightness of the fastest wave propagation paths. The method is based on the appropriate elongation of measured propagation times of the wave transmitted between opposite sending-receiving transducers if the actual propagation paths deviate from straight lines. Thanks to this, the mathematical apparatus used typically in the tomography, in which the straightness of the fastest paths is assumed, can be still used. The work considers also the aspect of using fictitious wave sending-receiving points in ultrasonic tomography for which wave propagation times are calculated by interpolation of measured ones. The considerations are supported by experimental research conducted on laboratory reinforced concrete (RC) beams in the test of three-point bending and a prefabricated damaged RC beam.

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“…However, in PT and SHT methods, the cooling time is more important in comparison with heating time to extract the defect information. Up to the present, the SHT has been proven as an effective NDT method to identify not only delamination but also voids in concrete structures without CFRP (CWC structures) [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermography-Based Deterioration Detection in Concrete Bridge Girders Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Mac

Huh

Doan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In bridge structures worldwide, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets are applied to strengthen weak components, especially concrete girders that are at a high risk of rapid degradation during the bridge’s operation owing to impacts from the superstructure’s weight and traffic loads. Regarding the thermography-based method (TM), although deteriorations in the concrete core are some of the main defects in concrete structures strengthened with CFRP, these do not receive as much attention as damage in the CFRP. Therefore, the interpretation of the structural health in terms of these defects using TM is still unclear. The problem presented in this work addresses the quantification of delamination inside the concrete part of a specimen with a CFRP sheet installed on the surface (assumed to be the girder surface strengthened with CFRP) via step heating thermography. Additionally, the empirical thermal diffusivity of concrete girders strengthened with a CFRP sheet (CSC girder), has not been provided previously, is proposed in the present study to predict delamination depths used for field investigations. Moreover, the effect of the CFRP sheet installed on the structure’s surface on the absolute contrast of delamination is clarified. Finally, advanced post-processing algorithms, i.e., thermal signal reconstruction and pulsed phase thermography, are applied to images obtained with step heating thermography to enhance the visibility of delamination in CSC girders.

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Comparison of infrared thermography, ground-penetrating radar and ultrasonic pulse echo for detecting delaminations in concrete bridges

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

Strengths of Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete and Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete After Exposure to High Temperatures

Strengths of Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete and Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete After Exposure to High Temperatures

The Use of Dijkstra’s Algorithm in Assessing the Correctness of Imaging Brittle Damage in Concrete Beams by Means of Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography

Thermography-Based Deterioration Detection in Concrete Bridge Girders Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

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