Comparison of intestinal gene expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed standard fish meal or soybean meal by means of suppression subtractive hybridization and real-time PCR

Abstract

Gene expression was studied in Atlantic cod fed two different diets, fish meal (FM) and dehulled and extracted soybean meal (SBM). RNA was isolated from the distal part of the mid-intestine of Atlantic cod and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to screen for genes that showed changes in expression in response to the two dietary treatments. We made a cDNA subtracted library, isolated and sequenced 192 clones. Identification of 157 clones was predicted by BLAST. Most of the clones were previously unidentified in cod. Expression of 12 selected clones was further studied by quantitative PCR. Expression of four clones showing similarity to aminopeptidase N, transcobalamin I precursor, cytochrome P450 3A40, and ras-related nuclear protein was significantly up regulated in intestine of cod fed SBM compared to cod fed FM. A trend towards up regulation of a clone with similarity to fatty acid binding protein in SBM-fed cod was also observed. No significant differences in expression were observed for: transmembrane 4 superfamily protein member, polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin 4, SEC61, F-BOX, and 14-3-3.

Supplementation of arachidonic acid rich oil in European sea bass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets: effects on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile and lipid metabolism

“…The expression of fabp7, a gene related to fatty acid transport and uptake tended to be up-regulated in liver of sea bass fed ARA0.1, although no differences could be observed among the other dietary treatments. In a similar trial where sea bass were fed diets containing high levels of terrestrial ingredients showed an up-regulation in this gene (Geay et al 2011) and sea bream and cod fed plant-based feed showed up-regulation in fabp2 when fed on more sustainable feeds (Lilleeng et al 2007;Betancor et al 2016b). Additionally, these fish also showed the lowest performance, what could be suggesting that the up-regulation in fabp7 expression may be associated with the lower growth of these fish, which in turn could elicit compensatory mechanisms such as fatty acid mobilization.…”

Soybean β-Conglycinin Induces Inflammation and Oxidation and Causes Dysfunction of Intestinal Digestion and Absorption in Fish

“…Soybean meal (SBM) is an excellent plant protein source for fish feed [1]. However, high levels of soybean protein caused a poor growth rate in juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var.…”

Pacific hake (Merluccius productusAyres, 1855) hydrolysates as feed attractants for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytschaWalbaum, 1792)

“…Most notably among these were probably the soyasaponins, phytic acid, lectins and possibly residual levels of protease inhibitors, but other components in SBM could have also played a part as well (Bureau et al . ; Lilleeng, Froystad, Vekterud, Valen & Krogdahl ; Azaza, Kammoun, Abdelmouleh & Kraiem ). Nevertheless, under our test conditions, we did note that some of the depression of chinook salmon growth, feed intake and feed utilization was likely due to the diminished palatability of the diets containing SBM, and that these negative effects were partially reversed by the addition of feed attractants.…”