Comparison of Intracranial Pressure by Lateral and Frontal Impacts - Validation of Computational Model

Patel, Aalap; Goswami, Tarun

doi:10.5772/50368

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Head injury criteria. Severity of the impact for each of the numerical tests has been evaluated using the head injury criteria (HIC), 33,34 which is defined by…”

Section: Simulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element simulations of the head–brain responses to the top impacts of a construction helmet: Effects of the neck and body mass

Pan

Wimer

et al. 2016

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Traumatic brain injuries are among the most common severely disabling injuries in the United States. Construction helmets are considered essential personal protective equipment for reducing traumatic brain injury risks at work sites. In this study, we proposed a practical finite element modeling approach that would be suitable for engineers to optimize construction helmet design. The finite element model includes all essential anatomical structures of a human head (i.e. skin, scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, medulla, spinal cord, cervical vertebrae, and discs) and all major engineering components of a construction helmet (i.e. shell and suspension system). The head finite element model has been calibrated using the experimental data in the literature. It is technically difficult to precisely account for the effects of the neck and body mass on the dynamic responses, because the finite element model does not include the entire human body. An approximation approach has been developed to account for the effects of the neck and body mass on the dynamic responses of the head–brain. Using the proposed model, we have calculated the responses of the head–brain during a top impact when wearing a construction helmet. The proposed modeling approach would provide a tool to improve the helmet design on a biomechanical basis.

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“…Head injury criteria. Severity of the impact for each of the numerical tests has been evaluated using the head injury criteria (HIC), 33,34 which is defined by…”

Section: Simulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element simulations of the head–brain responses to the top impacts of a construction helmet: Effects of the neck and body mass

Pan

Wimer

et al. 2016

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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show abstract

“…This finding is significant because the brain acceleration has been traditionally used as the injury criteria in the ergonomic design. For example, the head injury criteria (HIC) [28,29], which is widely accepted in the research and development in the automobile industries, is based on the time histories of the head accelerations obtained in the experiments. However, the accelerations are measured on the skin surface in the conventional engineering analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved finite element modeling of the cerebrospinal fluid layer in the head impact analysis

Pan

Wimer

et al. 2017

BME

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The finite element (FE) method has been widely used to investigate the mechanism of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), because it is technically difficult to quantify the responses of the brain tissues to the impact in experiments. One of technical challenges to build a FE model of a human head is the modeling of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain. In the current study, we propose to use membrane elements to construct the CSF layer. Using the proposed approach, we demonstrate that a head model can be built by using existing meshes available in commercial databases, without using any advanced meshing software tool, and with the sole use of native functions of the FE package Abaqus. The calculated time histories of the intracranial pressures at frontal, posterior fossa, parietal, and occipital positions agree well with the experimental data and the simulations in the literature, indicating that the physical effects of the CSF layer have been accounted for in the proposed modeling approach. The proposed modeling approach would be useful for bioengineers to solve practical problems.

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“…The proposed pathways for each of the discussed biomarkers are summarized in Figure 47 [ 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 ]. It is evident from the Figure 48 that such presentation of TBI kinetics data will prove valuable in clinics in the diagnosis and render needed treatment or rehabilitation.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Biomarkers In Tbi/cte/ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers, Simulations and Kinetics

et al. 2022

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This paper reviews the predictive capabilities of blood-based biomarkers to quantify traumatic brain injury (TBI). Biomarkers for concussive conditions also known as mild, to moderate and severe TBI identified along with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) that occur due to repeated blows to the head during one’s lifetime. Since the pathways of these biomarkers into the blood are not fully understood whether there is disruption in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the time it takes after injury for the expression of the biomarkers to be able to predict the injury effectively, there is a need to understand the protein biomarker structure and other physical properties. The injury events in terms of brain and mechanics are a result of external force with or without the shrapnel, in the wake of a wave result in local tissue damage. Thus, these mechanisms express specific biomarkers kinetics of which reaches half-life within a few hours after injury to few days. Therefore, there is a need to determine the concentration levels that follow injury. Even though current diagnostics linking biomarkers with TBI severity are not fully developed, there is a need to quantify protein structures and their viability after injury. This research was conducted to fully understand the structures of 12 biomarkers by performing molecular dynamics simulations involving atomic movement and energies of forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics software, NAMD and VMD were used to determine and compare the approximate thermodynamic stabilities of the biomarkers and their bonding energies. Five biomarkers used clinically were S100B, GFAP, UCHL1, NF-L and tau, the kinetics obtained from literature show that the concentration values abruptly change with time after injury. For a given protein length, associated number of hydrogen bonds and bond energy describe a lower bound region where proteins self-dissolve and do not have long enough half-life to be detected in the fluids. However, above this lower bound, involving higher number of bonds and energy, we hypothesize that biomarkers will be viable to disrupt the BBB and stay longer to be modeled for kinetics for diagnosis and therefore may help in the discoveries of new biomarkers.

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Comparison of Intracranial Pressure by Lateral and Frontal Impacts - Validation of Computational Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Finite element simulations of the head–brain responses to the top impacts of a construction helmet: Effects of the neck and body mass

Finite element simulations of the head–brain responses to the top impacts of a construction helmet: Effects of the neck and body mass

An improved finite element modeling of the cerebrospinal fluid layer in the head impact analysis

Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers, Simulations and Kinetics

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