Comparison of iron-, nickel-, copper- and manganese-based oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

Cho, Paul In-Young; Mattisson, Tobias; Lyngfelt, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2003.11.013

Cited by 565 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The main chemical and physical properties of the calcined material are shown in Table 1 Besides, it has been demonstrated that the reduction to FeO may lead to agglomeration in the subsequent oxidation process [36,47]. Therefore, the value of the oxygen transport capacity in this case, R OC , corresponds to the transformation to only Fe 3 O 4 .…”

Section: Materials Usedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of a bauxite waste as oxygen-carrier for chemical-looping combustion using coal as fuel

Mendiara

Gayán

Abad

et al. 2013

Fuel Processing Technology

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In the recently developed Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) technology, the oxygen needed for the oxidation of the fuel is provided by an oxygen-carrier. Today, there is an increasing interest on CLC application to solid fuels, especially coal. One of the possibilities to process coal in a CLC system is the in situ gasification and subsequent combustion of the product gases (iG-CLC). Potential CLC oxygen-carriers should comply with some chemical and mechanical requirements but it would be interesting that the carrier is as inexpensive as possible, as some losses are expected accompanying the coal ashes. In the present work, a residue from alumina production mainly constituted by Fe 2 O 3 has been tested as oxygencarrier in CLC of coal. Batch experiments were carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor using a bituminous coal as fuel. The effect of operating conditions, such as temperature and gasification agent on the char conversion and combustion efficiency of gasification products were evaluated. Several H 2 O/CO 2 mixtures were tested as gasifying agents. After 50 hours of cycling operation in a batch fluidized bed, no defluidization or agglomeration problems were observed. A gain in the reactivity of the bauxite waste was observed with the number of redox cycles. The carrier showed high combustion efficiencies at all temperatures tested meaning that the bauxite waste was capable of burning the gases generated during the gasification of the char. The percentage of CO 2 in the feeding should be limited in order to maintain high gasification rates and combustion efficiencies. The present results indicate that this bauxite waste is a promising oxygen-carrier for the iG-CLC of coal.

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Section: Materials Usedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of a bauxite waste as oxygen-carrier for chemical-looping combustion using coal as fuel

Mendiara

Gayán

Abad

et al. 2013

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…The active metal oxides used in this study are nickel-, copper-, and iron-oxides, which have been widely suggested as the most promising OC candidates for CLC (e.g., nickel [20][21][22][23], copper [16,20,23,24], and iron [20,25,26]). Important physical and chemical properties of these metal oxides are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Oc Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a rotary reactor for chemical-looping combustion. Part 2: Comparison of copper-, nickel-, and iron-based oxygen carriers

Zhao

Ghoniem

2014

Fuel

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Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel and promising option for several applications including carbon capture (CC), fuel reforming, H 2 generation, etc. Previous studies demonstrated the feasibility of performing CLC in a novel rotary design with micro-channel structures. Part 1 of this series studied the fundamentals of the reactor design and proposed a comprehensive design procedure, enabling a systematic methodology of designing and evaluating the rotary CLC reactor with different OCs and operating conditions. This paper presents the application of the methodology to the designs with three commonly used OCs, i.e., copper, nickel, and iron.The physical properties and the reactivities of the three OCs are compared at operating conditions suitable for the rotary CLC. Nickel has the highest reduction rate, but relatively slow oxidation reactivity while the iron reduction rate is most sensitive to the fuel concentration. The design parameters and the operating conditions for the three OCs are selected, following the  Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 253 2295. E-mail address: ghoniem@mit.edu (A.F. Ghoniem) 2 strategies proposed in Part 1, and the performances are evaluated using a one-dimensional plugflow model developed previously. The simulations show that for all OCs, complete fuel conversion and high carbon separation efficiency can be achieved at periodic stationary state with reasonable operational stabilities. The nickel-based design includes the smallest dimensions because of its fast reduction rate. The operation of nickel case is mainly limited to the slow oxidation rate, and hence a relatively large share of air sector is used. The iron-based design has the largest size, due to its slow reduction reactivity near the exit or in the fuel purge sector where the fuel concentration is low. The gas flow temperature increases monotonically for all the cases, and is mainly determined by the solid temperature. In the periodic state, the local temperature variation is within 40K and the thermal distortion is limited. The design of the rotary CLC is also scaled to different pressures and inlet temperatures. The method of scaling is discussed and desirable operational performances are obtained.

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“…However, that does not mean that it is always desirable to reach that value. Previous experiments by Cho et al [17] and Leion et al [9] have shown that if the oxygen carrier is reduced until almost reaching the maximum reduction, the combustion efficiency deteriorates significantly. To describe the actual reduction, two terms are usually used in the CLC literature; the degree of oxidation X and the degree of mass-based conversion ω.…”

Section: Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of minerals and industrial by-products as oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed 300W laboratory reactor

Moldenhauer

Rydén

Lyngfelt

2012

Fuel

Self Cite

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Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a promising technology for future energy production with inherent CO 2 separation. One approach is to use minerals or industrial by-products as oxygen carriers to reduce the costs of the process. This study focuses on the investigation of two iron-based oxygen carriers, which were examined under continuous operation in a 300 W laboratory reactor. Ilmenite is an iron-titanium oxide mineral, whereas iron oxide scale (IOS) is obtained as a by-product from the rolling of sheet steel. Syngas was used as a fuel -pure and with steam addition to suppress the formation of solid carbon.During the experiments the variables reactor temperature, fuel flow and air flow were changed. Furthermore the effect of steam addition to the fuel was investigated. Particle properties were compared over the span of 85 h of continuous operation for ilmenite and 37 h for IOS. The analysis is based on gas measurements from the actual CLC operation, but also on scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry and measurements of BET surface area and density.With ilmenite oxygen carrier it was possible to achieve full conversion of syngas up to about 190 W th fuel equivalent at 900°C. With design fuel flow of about 300 W th at 900°C the combustion efficiency was above 98 %. There was almost no visible difference in reactivity of fresh activated particles and those used for 85 h. Combustion efficiency up to 99 % was achieved with IOS oxygen carrier at 900°C and about 100 W th fuel equivalent. At 300 W th fuel equivalent and 900°C a combustion efficiency of only 90 % could be reached.Both oxygen carriers were operated for tens of hours, which allowed for a better understanding of lifetime behavior and other basic characteristics. Whereas ilmenite oxygen-carrier particles were mostly stable over the course of 85 h of experiments, a large fraction of IOS oxygen-carrier particles had disintegrated to fines after only 37 h of experiments. The gathered data indicates that both oxygen carriers could be an alternative to synthesized particles, though with more drawbacks for IOS than for ilmenite.

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Comparison of iron-, nickel-, copper- and manganese-based oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

Cited by 565 publications

References 19 publications

Performance of a bauxite waste as oxygen-carrier for chemical-looping combustion using coal as fuel

Performance of a bauxite waste as oxygen-carrier for chemical-looping combustion using coal as fuel

Design of a rotary reactor for chemical-looping combustion. Part 2: Comparison of copper-, nickel-, and iron-based oxygen carriers

Testing of minerals and industrial by-products as oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed 300W laboratory reactor

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