Comparison of Isoflavones Among Dietary Intake, Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion for Accurate Estimation of Phytoestrogen Intake

Arai, Yusuke; Uehara, Mariko; Sato, Yuho; Kimira, Mitsuru; Eboshida, Akira; Adlercreutz, Herman; Watanabe, Shaw

doi:10.2188/jea.10.127

Cited by 287 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Some previous studies have reported a reciprocal relationship between excretion of equol and O-dma (Hutchins et al, 1995;Kelly et al, 1995;Arai et al, 2000) although this was not confirmed in the current study or other studies (Karr et al, 1997;Lampe et al, 1998;Rowland et al, 2000). Interest is focused on equol since this metabolite has greater oestrogenic potency than either daidzein or O-dma and therefore excretor status could have physiological implications.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is inversely associated with the ratio of protein to dietary fibre intake in young women

et al. 2004

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Objective: To examine the prevalence of excretion of urinary isoflavonoids in women and determine any relationships with accustomed macronutrient intake. Design: Volunteers in one of two 4-month studies. Study 1 was a randomised crossover study whereby subjects consumed a placebo or isoflavone supplement for 2 months and crossed over. Study 2 was a parallel design in which subjects consumed a placebo for 1 month and an isoflavone supplement for 3 months. Setting: All subjects were free-living, healthy volunteers. Subjects: A total of 25 (study 1, n ¼ 14; study 2, n ¼ 11) premenopausal women were recruited through advertisements. Interventions: Volunteers were supplemented for 2 months (study 1) or 3 months (study 2) with purified isoflavones (86 mg/ day) derived from red clover. Urinary isoflavonoids were measured during the placebo and the second month of isoflavone treatment. Macronutrient intakes were determined from weighed food records. Results: During isoflavone supplementation, the concentration of urinary total isoflavonoids increased by 15-fold (Po0.0001), with 5.4-fold variation between individuals. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 24% of this variation could be explained by an interaction between dietary fibre and protein (P ¼ 0.047), with a highly significant inverse association between total isoflavonoid concentration and the protein to fibre ratio (r ¼ À0.51, P ¼ 0.009). Conclusions: Supplementation with purified isoflavones results in an increase in urinary isoflavonoid excretion and part of the individual variation in response is associated with an interaction between intakes of protein and dietary fibre. Whether manipulation of these macronutrients could enhance efficacy of isoflavone supplements remains to be determined.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is inversely associated with the ratio of protein to dietary fibre intake in young women

et al. 2004

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“…However, these values are still considerably lower than in Asian populations. Recent studies in Japanese adults have estimated daily isoflavone intakes to be in the range of 30-50 mg (Kimira et al, 1998;Arai et al, 2000;Kikuchi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

et al. 2006

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Background: It has been suggested that the consumption of a diet rich in phytoestrogens might protect against a variety of diseases common in Western societies. However, there are little available data on the food sources or distribution of intake in the UK diet. Objective: To estimate the average intake and range of soya foods and isoflavones in a population-based cohort and to provide data on isoflavone consumption by food group. Subjects: Men and women (11 843) from the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Dietary daidzein and genistein intakes were obtained from 7-day food diaries, completed by participants between 1993 and 1998 and calculated from an in-house food composition database. Energy and anthropometric measurements were also carried out. Results: Average daily isoflavone intakes for both men and women were less than 1 mg (interquartile range (IQR) men: 0.39-0.82 mg; women: 0.30-0.64 mg). However, in soya-consumers, average daily intakes were higher: 8.6 mg in women (IQR: 2.28-10.72 mg) and 7.5 mg in men (IQR: 2.22-9.17 mg). In both men and women, bread and bread rolls made the highest contribution to isoflavone intake -62.5 and 53.0%, respectively. In soya-consuming men and women, vegetable dishes and milks were the main contributors -25.0 and 38.5% in men and 38.5% and 26.0% in women, respectively. Conclusions: Isoflavone intake is low in the UK but may be an underestimate due to soya added to commercial products. Future analyses of the isoflavone and lignan content of basic ingredient foods and commercial items commonly consumed in the UK diet will enable more accurate estimates of phytoestrogen intake to be made. The ability to estimate isoflavone intake in Western populations more accurately will enable investigations to be conducted into the suggested beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on health.

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“…Gooderham et al, 1996;Uehar et al, 2000;Arai et al, 2000;L'homme et al, 2002); breast milk (Franke et al, 1999); breast tissue (Maubach et al, 2003); and amniotic fluid Foster et al, 2002); however, urinary measurements are typically the most common. Urinary phytoestrogen levels have been reported in several populations in the United States and abroad (Adlercreutz et al, 1991;Hutchins et al, 1995a;Horn-Ross et al, 1997;Roach et al, 1998;Lampe et al, 1999;Arai et al, 2000;Dai et al, 2002;Valentı´n-Blasini et al, 2003). Men who consumed soy-or tempeh-enhanced diets had isoflavone concentrations about 10-fold higher than those on selfselected diets (Hutchins et al, 1995b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult white women in San Francisco excreted higher amounts of lignans than Latina and Asian women living in the same area; however, the Latina and Asian women excreted higher amounts of the isoflavones (Horn-Ross et al, 1997). Of the studies reported, Chinese and Dutch women excreted higher amounts of urinary lignans (den Tonkelaar et al, 2001) whereas Asian populations in China (Roach et al, 1998;Dai et al, 2002) and Japan (Uehar et al, 2000;Arai et al, 2000) excreted higher amounts of isoflavones. Interestingly, urinary isoflavone concentrations in Korean women were similar to those in Americans (Kim et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Valentín-Blasini

Sadowski

Walden

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We report population-based urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens stratified by age, sex, and composite racial/ethnic variables. We measured the isoflavones F genistein, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) F and the lignans F enterolactone and enterodiol F in approximately 2500 urine samples from individuals aged 6 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000. We detected all phytoestrogens in over 70% of the samples analyzed; enterolactone was detected in the highest concentrations, and daidzein was detected with the highest frequency. The geometric means for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 22.3 mg/g; daidzein, 68.6 mg/g; equol, 7.65 mg/g; O-DMA, 3.95 mg/g; enterolactone, 217 mg/g; and enterodiol, 24.3 mg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 380 mg/g; daidzein, 944 mg/g; equol, 50.3 mg/g; O-DMA, 217 mg/g; enterolactone, 2240 mg/g; and enterodiol, 240 mg/g creatinine. Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences among many of the demographic subgroups. Adolescents had higher concentrations of genistein and equol than adults. Non-Hispanic whites had higher concentrations of enterodiol and equol than Mexican Americans or non-Hispanic blacks. Non-Hispanic whites also had higher concentrations of enterolactone and O-DMA than Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had higher concentrations of genistein than non-Hispanic blacks; however, the opposite was found for O-DMA. Determination of phytoestrogen exposure in the US population will help us to better understand phytoestrogen consumption in the US and will assist us in elucidating the potential role of phytoestrogens in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

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Comparison of Isoflavones Among Dietary Intake, Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion for Accurate Estimation of Phytoestrogen Intake

Cited by 287 publications

References 20 publications

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is inversely associated with the ratio of protein to dietary fibre intake in young women

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is inversely associated with the ratio of protein to dietary fibre intake in young women

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

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