Comparison of life-cycle assessment between bio-catalyzed and promoted potassium carbonate processes and amine-based carbon capture technologies

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical and Biocatalytic 2’3’‐Cyclic GMP‐AMP Synthesis

“…It can be assumed that the environmental impact per functional unit may be automatically reduced by increasing the production quantities, using a larger production scale [31,33] . For comparison, in a cradle‐to‐gate LCA of the production of various enzymes on industrial scale, values between 1 and 10 kg$${{_{{\rm CO}{_{2}}}}}$$ kg enzyme −1 were determined [34,35] . In the study, the purification consisted of centrifugation and filtration, resulting in crude enzyme extract that is difficult to compare with the highly purified enzyme solution used here as the basis for calculations.…”

“…[31,33] For comparison, in a cradle-to-gate LCA of the production of various enzymes on industrial scale, values between 1 and 10 kg CO 2 kg enzyme À 1 were determined. [34,35] In the study, the purification consisted of centrifugation and filtration, resulting in crude enzyme extract that is difficult to compare with the highly purified enzyme solution used here as the basis for calculations. Nevertheless, optimizations in enzyme expression, for example, achieving higher cell densities during fermentation or higher production yields, [4,36] could be targeted to reduce the environmental footprint.…”

Are deep eutectic solvents really green?: A life-cycle perspective

“…The construction, installation, and end-oflife phases are reported to insignificantly (<5%) contribute towards the overall life cycle impacts of a chemical plant and, therefore, only operational phase impacts are accounted. 31 This study does not include the reuse of solvents because the reuse of a solvent often requires recycling and regeneration which needs additional resources (energy, makeup solvent, etc.). Also, the regeneration efficiency further complicates the comparative analysis among the solvents.…”

Biocatalytic CO2 Absorption and Structural Studies of Carbonic Anhydrase under Industrially-Relevant Conditions

“…The biocatalytic CO 2 capture mediated by CAs has been studied in a wide range of aqueous solvents, most likely in the presence of promoters, as amines (e.g., monoethanolamine-MEA, N-methyldiethanolamine-MDEA) [10] and salts, such as inorganic carbonates (K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 ) [11,12], and ionic liquids under high water activity (a w ) conditions (e.g., 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-[C 4 mim][Tf 2 N], at a w = 0.836) [13]. Therefore, the comprehension of the enzyme performance under different environmental conditions is important for the development of industrially-relevant processes of CO 2 capture.…”

“…Due to its key role in living organisms, the previous structural investigations on BCA have focused on the elucidation of its properties under physiological conditions (pH below 7.5) to address queries related to life sciences [8,9,14,15]. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of studies and available data that relate BCA structural properties and its performance under industrially-relevant CO 2 capture conditions (mostly alkaline pH conditions) [10][11][12].…”