Comparison of Liquid Swine Manure and Aqua-Ammonia Nitrogen Application Timing on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality in Iowa

Lawlor, Peter A.; Helmers, Matthew J.; Baker, James L.; Melvin, Stewart W.; Lemke, Dean W.

doi:10.13031/2013.37121

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…7). Several studies reported a yield boost due to organic fertilizers compared with inorganic N (Lawlor et al, 2011;Malone et al, 2007;Thoma et al, 2005), but this was not exclusively the case (Randall et al, 2000). There was a significant positive corn yield impact due to organic (manure or litter) versus inorganic applications in the Drain Load database (p < 0.001; Table 5).…”

Section: Nitrogen Sourcementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Increasing N fertilization rates correspond with increased drainage nitrate N concentrations (Angle et al, 1993;Baker and Johnson, 1981;Bergström and Brink, 1986;Chichester, 1977;Drury et al, 2009;Gast et al, 1978;Hallberg et al, 1986;Helmers et al, 2012;Jaynes and Colvin, 2006;Jaynes et al, 2001;Lawlor et al, 2011;Miller, 1979) and losses (Andraski et al, 2000;Baker and Johnson, 1981;Bergström and Brink, 1986;Bolton et al, 1970;Gast et al, 1978;Guillard et al, 1999;Hallberg et al, 1986;Jaynes et al, 2001;Lawes et al, 1882). Likewise, decreased application rates (in combination with other practices) can reduce nitrate N in drainage waters over time (Kladivko et al, 2004).…”

Section: Nitrogen Application Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fine-tuning N application rates would help reduce "insurance" N applications, which have ranged, for example, from 22 to 67 kg N ha −1 in one watershed in Minnesota (Legg et al, 1989;Mitsch et al, 2001). While application of the optimal N rate is thought to be the most important and most accessible of the 4R N management strategies (Lawlor et al, 2011), optimizing application rates will likely not be sufficient alone to meet water quality goals (Kaspar et al, 2007).…”

Section: Nitrogen Application Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies from Minnesota showed an approximately 13% reduction in drainage nitrate N loss for spring preplant anhydrous ammonia application compared with fall and found that yields and corn N uptake were higher from spring application Vetsch, 2005a, 2005b;Randall et al, 2003aRandall et al, , 2003b). Nevertheless, it is possible drainage N loading impacts of changing applications from the fall to the spring will be minimal compared with the effect of annual precipitation, as some studies have observed no difference in nitrate N concentration or grain yield when the same N rate was applied in the fall and spring (Lawlor et al, 2011). Analysis of fertilizer timings (only corn site-years where only one fertilizer was reported to avoid confounding effects of Fertilizer 1 vs.…”

Section: Nitrogen Application Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4R Water Quality Impacts: An Assessment and Synthesis of Forty Years of Drainage Nitrogen Losses

Christianson

Harmel

2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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The intersection of agricultural drainage and nutrient mobility in the environment has led to multiscale water quality concerns. This work reviewed and quantitatively analyzed nearly 1,000 site-years of subsurface tile drainage nitrogen (N) load data to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of 4R practices (application of the right source of nutrients, at the right rate and time, and in the right place) within drained landscapes across North America. Using drainage data newly compiled in the "Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments" (MANAGE) database, relationships were developed across N application rates for nitrate N drainage loads and corn (Zea mays L.) yields. The lack of significant differences between N application timing or application method was inconsistent with the current emphasis placed on application timing, in particular, as a water quality improvement strategy (p = 0.934 and 0.916, respectively). Broad-scale analyses such as this can help identify major trends for water quality, but accurate implementation of the 4R approach will require site-specific knowledge to balance agronomic and environmental goals.

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Section: Nitrogen Sourcementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Nitrogen Application Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen Application Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen Application Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4R Water Quality Impacts: An Assessment and Synthesis of Forty Years of Drainage Nitrogen Losses

Christianson

Harmel

2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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“…for corn after soybean and 0 to 224 kg N ha -1 in 56 kg N ha -1 increments for corn after corn). Lawlor et al (2011) found reductions in subsurface NO3-N concentrations with reduced N application rates applied at the same time regard-less of fertilizer source over a four-year period (spring application 252 kg ha -1 aqua-ammonia > spring 218 kg ha -1 manure > spring 168 kg ha -1 aqua-ammonia). While the three highest N application categories exhibited significant increasing flow-weighted concentrations, only the highest application category was significantly higher than the 0 to 74 kg ha -1 category (including non-fertilized control plots in the database), which had relatively high median and mean values (>10 mg L -1 ).…”

Section: Nutrient Ratementioning

confidence: 89%

Analysis of the MANAGE Drain Concentration Database to Evaluate Agricultural Management Effects on Drainage Water Nutrient Concentrations

Hertzberger

Pittelkow²,

Harmel³

et al. 2019

Transactions of the ASABE

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Abstract. Agricultural systems are substantial contributors of nonpoint-source nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution, and loss of dissolved forms of these nutrients is exacerbated in subsurface-drained (tile-drained) landscapes. The majority of reviews summarizing drainage nutrient losses have focused on N and P loads, but closer inspection of drainage concentrations is necessary to more directly link cropping management factors with water quality outcomes. More than 1,500 recently compiled site-years of drainage N and P concentration in the Measured Annual loads from AGricultural Environments (MANAGE) Drain Concentration database were used to analyze the impacts of crop selelction, nutrient management, and tillage type on annual drainage nutrient concentrations. The highest annual flow-weighted mean NO3-N concentrations across the database were from corn, corn and soybean (grown within the same plot in the same year), and soybean site-years (14.0, 13.5, and 12.1 mg L-1, respectively). However, crop selection was not a significant predictor for annual average dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations in drainage. Nitrogen application rates below 75 kg ha-1 for corn did not significantly reduce annual NO3-N concentrations compared to rates of 75 to 149 kg ha-1 or 150 to 224 kg ha-1, although the three largest application rate categories (75 to 149 kg ha-1, 150 to 224 kg ha-1, and >224 kg ha-1, respectively) resulted in significantly increasing NO3-N concentrations. The stepwise regression approach was used to reduce and select predictors to model annual NO3-N and DRP concentrations. Regression analysis of NO3-N concentrations had an overall model R2 of 0.59 (n = 254) and indicated that N application rate had the greatest effect on NO3-N concentrations in corn site-years, followed by fertilizer timing and tillage type. Regression analysis of DRP concentrations had an overall R2 of 0.94, and although the model was less robust due to the small sample size (n = 47), fertilizer timing was most closely correlated with annual DRP concentrations. The MANAGE database will continue to evolve and remain a resource for new exploratory efforts to better understand and reduce nutrient losses from agricultural systems. Keywords: Concentration, Drainage, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water quality.

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Midwestern cropping system effects on drainage water quality and crop yields

et al. 2020

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Grain producers are challenged to maximize crop production while utilizing nutrients efficiently and minimizing negative impacts on water quality. There is a particular concern about nutrient export to the Gulf of Mexico via loss from subsurface drainage systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of crop rotation, tillage, crop residue removal, swine manure applications, and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops on nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) and total reactive phosphorus (TRP) loss via subsurface drainage. The study was evaluated from 2008 through 2015 using 36 0.4‐ha plots outfitted with a subsurface drainage water quality monitoring system. Results showed that when swine manure was applied before both corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], drainage water had significantly higher 8‐yr‐average flow‐weighted NO3‐N concentrations compared with swine manure applied before corn only in a corn–soybean rotation. The lowest NO3‐N loss was 15.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from a no‐till corn–soybean treatment with rye cover crop and spring application of urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) to corn. The highest NO3‐N loss was 29.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from swine manure applied to both corn and soybean. A rye cover crop reduced NO3‐N loss, whereas tillage and residue management had little impact on NO3‐N loss. Losses of TRP averaged <32 g P ha−1 yr−1 from all treatments. Corn yield was negatively affected by both no‐till management and cereal rye cover crops. Results showed that cropping management affected N leaching but impacts on P leaching were minimal.

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Comparison of Liquid Swine Manure and Aqua-Ammonia Nitrogen Application Timing on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality in Iowa

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

4R Water Quality Impacts: An Assessment and Synthesis of Forty Years of Drainage Nitrogen Losses

4R Water Quality Impacts: An Assessment and Synthesis of Forty Years of Drainage Nitrogen Losses

Analysis of the MANAGE Drain Concentration Database to Evaluate Agricultural Management Effects on Drainage Water Nutrient Concentrations

Midwestern cropping system effects on drainage water quality and crop yields

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