Comparison of Lutein Bioaccessibility from Dietary Supplement-Excipient Nanoemulsions and Nanoemulsion-Based Delivery Systems

Abstract

The impact of lutein-loaded nanoemulsions and excipient nanoemulsions mixed with lutein-based dietary supplements (capsules and soft gels) on the bioaccessibility of lutein was explored using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The particle size, particle size distribution, ζ-potential, microstructure, lipid digestibility, and lutein bioaccessibility of all the samples were measured after they were exposed to different environments (stomach and small intestine environments) within a simulated GIT. As expected, the bioaccessibility of lutein from the capsules (1.5%) and soft gels (3.2%) was relatively low when they were administered alone. However, the co-administration of excipient nanoemulsions significantly increased the bioaccessibility of lutein from both the capsules (35.2%) and soft gels (28.7%). This phenomenon was attributed to the fast digestion of the small oil droplets in the excipient nanoemulsions and the further formation of mixed micelles to solubilize any lutein molecules released from the supplements. The lutein-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited a much higher lutein bioaccessibility (86.8%) than any of the supplements, which was attributed to the rapid release and solubilization of lutein when the lipid droplets were rapidly and extensively digested within the small intestine. This study indicates that the bioaccessibility of lutein is much higher in nanoemulsion droplets than that in dietary supplements. However, consuming dietary supplements in the presence of nanoemulsion droplets can greatly increase lutein bioavailability. The results of this study have important guiding significance for the design of more effective lutein supplements.

Lipase-Responsive Lignin Composite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Insoluble Bioactives

“…The further increase in particle size of LNPs@BC after 2 h of simulated intestinal digestion was the result of the combined effect of two aspects. On the one hand, pancreatic enzymes, bile salts, or free fatty acids are adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface, or mixed micelles, vesicles, or other colloidal structures formed, as well as LNPs@BC aggregates and insoluble substances (e.g., saponified calcium and calcium bile acid complexes) . On the other hand, lignin itself is pH-responsive, i.e., it precipitates in acidic environments and solubilizes in alkaline environments, and as pH increases, lignin itself undergoes solubilization due to deprotonation .…”

“…On the one hand, pancreatic enzymes, bile salts, or free fatty acids are adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface, or mixed micelles, vesicles, or other colloidal structures formed, 47 as well as LNPs@BC aggregates and insoluble substances (e.g., saponified calcium and calcium bile acid complexes). 48 On the other hand, lignin itself is pHresponsive, i.e., it precipitates in acidic environments and solubilizes in alkaline environments, and as pH increases, lignin itself undergoes solubilization due to deprotonation. 49 As there are many components of the digestate system that cause the particle size to become larger, making the system have a larger PDI and a wider particle size distribution, whereas the PDI of LNP@BC-4 is significantly reduced, which may be caused by the more complete disintegration of the nanoparticles.…”

Lutein combined with EGCG improved retinitis pigmentosa against N-methyl-N nitrosourea-induced

“…In addition, polyphenols have also been shown to increase the antioxidant activity of carotenoids. 38 This may also be the reason why LUT combined with EGCG to improve the outer nuclear layer, as well as the retinal structure. Dietary components interact with each other in the process of digestion, absorption and functional activities.…”

“…In addition, polyphenols have also been shown to increase the antioxidant activity of carotenoids. 38 This may also be the reason why LUT combined with EGCG to improve the outer nuclear layer, as well as the retinal structure.…”

In Vitro–In Vivo Study of the Impact of Excipient Emulsions on the Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids: Influence of the Carrier Oil Type

“…Oil-in-water emulsions are often used to formulate excipient foods because their simple compositions and flexible structures can be designed for specific applications. Excipient emulsions have been extensively used to increase the bioavailability of hydrophobic bioactive substances, including β-carotene, 15 lutein, 16 oil-soluble vitamins, 17 curcumin, 18 and lycopene. 19 The bioavailability of these hydrophobic substances can be enhanced by controlling the lipid droplet composition, the oil content, the droplet size, and the type of emulsifier used.…”