Comparison of lymphomononuclear cell energy metabolism between healthy, impaired glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that affects many systems. The most important cells of the immune system are lymphomononuclear (LMN) cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the energy metabolism of LMN cells in patients with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. We measured LMN cell energy metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and healthy subjects. Cells were freshly isolated from peripheral blood and the subgroups were determined by flow cytometric method. Lactate production and glycogen utilization were significantly increased in the LMN cells of patients with type 2 DM and IGT when compared with healthy volunteers. No statistical difference was observed between the patients with type 2 DM and IGT. There was a significant correlation between fasting plasma glucose and lactate production in LMN cells. LMN cells changed their energy pathway in a diabetic state and preferred anaerobic glycolysis. Prediabetic range also affected energy metabolism in LMN cells. This abnormal energy production might cause dysfunction in LMN cells and the immune system in diabetic and prediabetic patients. In conclusion, we concluded that impaired glucose metabolism could change energy metabolism.

The evaluation of intracellular energy metabolism in prediabetic patients and patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Chronic and persistent calcium entry into the cell occurs and leads to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation and reduction in the amount of ATP [2][3][4][5]. Deterioration in the energy metabolism of immune system plays a crucial role in the development of infections [6].…”

“…Diabetic patients are known to be susceptible to infections. One of the reasons for this increased susceptibility to infections may be a decrease in the oxidative mechanism, a decrease in the nonoxidative mechanism, or a decrease in both mechanisms compared to healthy volunteers [6].…”

Integrative analysis of the transcriptome profiles observed in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus reveals the role of inflammation

“…Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) energy metabolism has been found to play a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance [30]. In addition, there is increasing evidence that metabolic regulation in these cells could influence the number of PBMCs, proliferation pathways, molecular basal synthesis and leukocyte function [31]. In accordance with these findings, transcriptome studies comparing T1D with T2D [32] and T1D with a control group [18] have revealed changes in the expression of several genes related to inflammatory response, fatty acid biosynthesis, hydrolase activity, detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation, all of which could affect the metabolism of PBMCs in diabetic patients.…”

Altered or Impaired Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in WNIN/GR-Ob Rat: An Obese Rat Model with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

“…Apart from the these factors, it is also shown that in prediabetic state per se, the lymphomononuclear (LMN) cells change their energy pathway leading to anaerobic glycolysis and this abnormal energy production might cause dysfunction in LMN cells and the immune system in diabetic and prediabetic patients [46]. Furthermore, an association of Hepatitis C virus with insulin resistance among adults was observed and abnormal glucose tolerance was found to be more common in HCV-seropositive individuals than seronegative individuals among obese participants suggesting that it could be an additional risk factor in the impairment of immune function of WNIN/GR-Ob obese rats [47].…”