Comparison of Malocclusion Prevalence, Type and Severity between Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: To analyze the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusions in a group of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using a facial and occlusal analysis and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Methods: A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group, with the determination of the facial and occlusion analysis in the three spatial planes. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion. Results: The patients with CP presented a higher prevalence of increased facial lower third height and a greater tendency towards right-side canine and molar class II malocclusion, narrower transverse relationship and crossbite. The DAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the CP group. Increased physical impairment in the CP group was associated to greater DAI scores. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion were significantly greater in the CP group. The type of malocclusion predominantly found in these patients was molar class II, with open bite, increased overjet and a narrow arch. The CP group also presented mixed breathing with higher DAI scores and decreased facial lower third height.

Prevalensi Drooling, Disfagia Dan Manifestasi Oral Pada Anak Dengan Cerebral Palsy

“…15,16 Maloklusi juga mempengaruhi proses penyikatan gigi. 17,18 Anakanak penderita CP me miliki prevalensi tinggi maloklusi Kelas II dengan gigi insisivus rahang atas protrusif, bibir tidak kompeten, dan peningkatan insiden kejang. Semua faktor ini menyebabkan anak rentan terhadap trauma gigi.…”

Maloklusi pada Penderita Cerebral Palsy

“…Perubahan kontrol pada otot dapat berpengaruh pada otot orofasial dan akhirnya berdampak pada posisi gigi. 23 Anak dengan CP memiliki peluang hampir tiga kali lipat lebih besar untuk mengalami anterior open bite. 19 Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Martinez-Mihi et al, 24 posisi kepala juga dapat berpengaruh menghasilkan open bite dan peningkatan overjet.…”