Comparison of Malondialdehyde Levels among Patients with Sandblasted Acid-Etched and Anodized Surface Dental Implants: A Prospective Clinical Study

Abstract

Inflammation that occur as a part of body's response to implant-tissue contact can result in oxidative stress. Therefore, exploring the oxidative stress around different surface treated dental implants is essential to improve the performance of implants. The purpose of this study was to detect and measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress marker among patients with sandblasted acid-etched and anodized surface dental implants. In this prospective clinical study, 78 patients who had undergone implant placement for missing single posterior tooth in mandible using sandblasted acid-etched and anodized surface dental implants during August 2019 - December 2019 were enrolled according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and were categorized into Group 1: SLA (<i>n</i> = 27), Group 2: SLActive (<i>n</i> = 26), Group 3: TiUnite (<i>n</i> = 25) based on the surface modification of the implants. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected and MDA was quantified using ELISA kit at 3 months and 1 year. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD <i>post hoc.</i> For intragroup comparison, paired <i>t</i>-test was used. MDA levels in group 3 implants was significantly higher than groups 1 and 2 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). On pairwise comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups at baseline (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and 1-year follow-up (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Intragroup comparison showed that there was a statistically significant difference from baseline in all the three groups (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). MDA level in peri-implant crevicular fluid was high around TiUnite dental implant as compared to SLA and SLActive implants.