Comparison of Manual and Electric Breast Pumps Among WIC Women Returning to Work or School in Hawaii

Abstract

Our findings suggest that the manual breast pump may work as well as the electric breast pump when breastfeeding is encouraged and supported among women returning to work or school full-time. Particular attention should be given to examining reasons why women with greater education breastfed for a shorter duration. Further research is needed to validate these results to better inform breastfeeding women returning to work or school.

Incentives to Promote Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review

“…Sixteen full reports [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] were included in the review. Two conference abstracts were excluded because of their limited information.…”

“…The demographic data varied in quantity and in categorization, making comparisons across studies difficult. The mean age of participants varied between 16.2 and 31.6 years, and studies tended to focus on women of specific ethnicity, such as white, 21,24,25,28,31 black, 19,22,32 Hawaiian, 23 or Hmong. 27 In 5 of the 6 studies that reported relationship status, the majority of participants were married or living with their partner.…”

“…[18][19][20][21][25][26][27][28]30,31,33 Two studies evaluated those receiving incentives but had no control group. 20,23 Two other studies provided both intervention and control groups with the same incentive, and these studies were therefore comparing other intervention components. 24,32 In studies comparing intervention incentives with control groups, breastfeeding rates at initiation or at hospital discharge ranged from 38.1% to 88.5% in incentivized groups and 14.6% to 55.2% in nonincentivized groups.…”

“…Two studies were considered to have .1 incentive intervention arm for the outcome of interest (ie, breastfeeding). 18,26 The incentive components varied across the studies and ranged from a breast pump, 19,23,26 a combination of a breast pump with feeding-related items 18,20,21 or with vouchers, gifts, and entry to a raffle for both parents, 28 to enhanced food packages in the context of WIC, 22 gifts, vouchers, 27,30,31,33 or cash. 24,32 One study provided nonmaterial incentives, such as a home help service for nonnursing tasks.…”

“…32 An RCT that provided $5 to pregnant women attending a prenatal breastfeeding education program, or a control group with no education program, found no significant differences in breastfeeding outcome. 24 Six US studies evaluated the effect of breast pump provision on breastfeeding outcomes, 18 23 or in a group of obese women who were given electric pumps, manual pumps, or no pump. 26 Two observational studies evaluated the effect of breast pump provision on breastfeeding outcomes.…”