Comparison of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma using laser ablation and solution nebulization for dry and wet plasma conditions

Chan, George C.-Y.; Chan, Wing-Shing; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(01)00252-x

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…24 It has been established, in a number of studies, that introduction of the sample into the plasma as a dry aerosol imposes modifications of the plasma characteristics. 25,26 Hence, re-adjustment of the ICP-MS instrumental settings is necessary when changing from SN to LA. These settings include sampling depth, lens voltages and carrier gas flow rate, the latter often being considered most important for optimum LA-ICP-MS (OES) performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyte- and matrix-dependent elemental response variations in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Rodushkin¹,

Axelsson

Malinovskiy

et al. 2002

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Elemental response variations as a function of carrier gas flow rate in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were studied for a wide range of analytes. The effects of rf power, focus lens settings, thermodynamic properties of analytes and sample matrix were thoroughly examined. It was found that, with the experimental set-up used for this work, processes occurring in the ICP, rather than during ablation and transport, play the decisive role in determining the shapes of flow rate plots observed with LA. Responses for analytes of lower nominal masses and vaporization enthalpies peak at consistently higher flow rates (1.15 l min 21 ) than other elements, independent of matrix. On the other hand, the magnitude of the maximum sensitivity is matrix dependent, even for these elements. Involatile elements display much broader maxima at considerably lower flow rates; the more refractory the matrix, the lower the optimum flow rate. This behaviour is consistent with the residence time in the ICP necessary to maximize the efficiency of analyte ion production. The existence of inter-elemental differences in the locations of zones of maximum ion densities formed in the ICP can thus be related to the times required for vaporization of any given analyte from the particles produced by LA. Such differences may be responsible for numerous fractionation effects mentioned in the LA literature. It is also demonstrated that the ion sampling process can affect the shapes of the flow rate plots, potentially shifting the apparent position of the optimum flow rate and confounding the interpretation of inter-element response differences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyte- and matrix-dependent elemental response variations in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Rodushkin¹,

Axelsson

Malinovskiy

et al. 2002

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…They will be discussed in more detail in Section 3.4. 18 The effect of an aqueous aerosol and its desolvation on the analytical performance and fundamental characteristics of an ICP has been widely reported in the literature [37,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Overall, an aqueous aerosol induces a complex inter-relationship between solvent loading and the plasma operating conditions [43,44].…”

Section: Local Cooling and Plasma Pinch Effects During Single Microdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The effect of an aqueous aerosol and its desolvation on the analytical performance and fundamental characteristics of an ICP has been widely reported in the literature [37,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Overall, an aqueous aerosol induces a complex inter-relationship between solvent loading and the plasma operating conditions [43,44]. A heavy burden of introduced aerosol (e.g., by means of a conventional nebulizer-spray chamber setup, which typically sends more than 10 6 droplets per second into the plasma [15,47]) normally cools the plasma and degrades its analytical performance, whereas a light loading of an aerosol (in particular in the form of water vapor) improves energy transfer within the plasma and results in a more energetic discharge [37,45,46].…”

Section: Local Cooling and Plasma Pinch Effects During Single Microdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local cooling, plasma reheating and thermal pinching induced by single aerosol droplets injected into an inductively coupled plasma

Chan

Hieftje

2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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The injection of a single micrometer-sized droplet into an analytical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) perturbs the plasma and involves three sequential effects: local cooling, thermal pinching and plasma reheating. Time-resolved two-dimensional monochromatic imaging of the load-coil region of an ICP was used to monitor this sequence of plasma perturbations. When a microdroplet enters the plasma, it acts as a local heat sink and cools the nearby plasma region. The cooling effect is considered local, although the cooling volume can be large and extends 6 mm from the physical location of the vaporizing droplet. The liberated hydrogen, from decomposition of water, causes a thermal pinch effect by increasing the thermal conductivity of the bulk plasma and accelerating heat loss at the plasma periphery. As a response to the heat loss, the plasma shrinks in size, which increases its power density. Plasma shrinkage starts around the same time when the microdroplet enters the plasma and lasts at least 2 ms after the droplet leaves the load-coil region. Once the vaporizing droplet passes through a particular plasma volume, that volume is reheated to an even higher temperature than under steady-state conditions. Because of the opposing effects of plasma cooling and reheating, the plasma conditions are different upstream (downward) and downstream (upward) from a vaporizing droplet -cooling dominates the downstream region whereas reheating controls in the upstream domain. The boundary between the local cooling and reheating zones is sharp and is only ~ 1 mm thick. The reheating effect persists a relatively long time in the plasma, at least up to 4 ms after the droplet moves out of the load-coil region. The restoration of plasma equilibrium after the perturbation induced by microdroplet injection is slow. Microdroplet injection also induces a momentary change 2 in plasma impedance, and the impedance change was found to correlate qualitatively with the different stages of plasma perturbation.

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“…15 Practical experience shows a relatively low limit of about 1.5 mg l À1 for Pb isotope ratio measurements with ICPmulticollector MS, which is the most accuracy-demanding issue, together with other isotope ratio measurements. 16 The EIE effect is always present; [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] but for ICP discharges it can be minimized by careful selection of robust operating conditions. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The measured magnitude of the matrix interference also depends on the observation point with respect to the discharge topography, on gas ow rates, sample uptake and nebulization system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of easily ionisable elements on copper and zinc lines excited in a plasma pencil

Dvořáková

Hrdlička

Slavíček

et al. 2016

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Comparison of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma using laser ablation and solution nebulization for dry and wet plasma conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Analyte- and matrix-dependent elemental response variations in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Analyte- and matrix-dependent elemental response variations in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Local cooling, plasma reheating and thermal pinching induced by single aerosol droplets injected into an inductively coupled plasma

Effects of easily ionisable elements on copper and zinc lines excited in a plasma pencil

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