Comparison of mesospheric and lower thermospheric residual wind with High Resolution Doppler Imager, medium frequency, and meteor radar winds

Lieberman, R. S.; Smith, Anne K.; Franke, Steven; Vincent, R. A.; Isler, Joseph R.; Manson, A. H.; Meek, C. E.; Fraser, G. J.; Fahrutdinova, A.; Thayaparan, T.; Hocking, W. K.; MacDougall, J. W.; Nakamura, Takuji; Tsuda, Toshitaka

doi:10.1029/2000jd900363

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The required northward transport speed of the cloud from its injection between 31–38° N to its northernmost point of observation between 60–64° N is 26–40 m/s. Although these velocities are higher than average meridional winds predicted by a general circulation model [ Roble and Ridley , 1994], observations by the High Resolution Doppler Imager indicate that average northward winds in the winter near 105 km can exceed 20 m/s [ Lieberman et al , 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OH observations of space shuttle exhaust

Stevens

Englert

Gumbel

2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] We report the unexpected observation of a large hydroxyl (OH) cloud north and east of the United States a day after a space shuttle launch in November, 1994. The Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) observed OH(0, 0) solar fluorescence near 309 nm while staring toward a tangent altitude of 87 km, where OH can be produced from water vapor photodissociation. The OH(0, 0) band has a rotational temperature of 252 ± 23 K corresponding to an altitude of 110 ± 3 km, where nearly half of the shuttle's main engine water vapor exhaust is released on ascent. The location of the cloud one day after injection into the atmosphere implies that its average velocity is between 26 -40 m/s northward. We also report strong evidence of water ice measured simultaneously along the same line of sight, suggesting that water vapor exhaust is redistributed by condensation and sedimentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OH observations of space shuttle exhaust

Stevens

Englert

Gumbel

2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…We choose a 4‐day simulation under the assumption that the PMC lifetime is predominantly controlled by the mean southward wind near 82 km, which eventually moves PMCs to regions of higher temperatures where they sublimate. Reported mean southward winds near 70°N at these altitudes are 3–5 m s −1 in July [ Lieberman et al , 2000; Berger and von Zahn , 2002], which transport PMCs over 10° latitude in ∼2–5 days. Temperature and vertical winds are kept fixed during the simulation, whereas the water vapor is allowed to vary from the initial condition specified by HALOE.…”

Section: Community Aerosol and Radiation Model For Atmospheres (Carma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The polar mesospheric cloud mass in the Arctic summer

Stevens¹,

Englert²,

DeLand

et al. 2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We infer the polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) mass throughout the Arctic summer using results from two sets of satellite observations and a microphysical model. Solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) PMC observations in July 1999 indicate a burst of activity persisting for $8 days after a space shuttle launch and averaging 262 ± 52 t near 4.7 local time. This mass is consistent with the propellant mass available from the shuttle's main engines and accounts for 22% of the total SBUV PMC mass over the season between 65°and 75°N. This is the first evidence that PMCs formed by space shuttle water exhaust can contribute significantly to both the number of observed PMCs and the total PMC mass in a season. In another approach, 11 years of observations by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) indicate that on average 90 ± 12 t of water ice is present near local midnight between 65°and 75°N. Using simultaneous HALOE water vapor observations, we find that a one-dimensional microphysical model reproduces the start and end of the PMC season but overpredicts the ice mass by about a factor of 1.8 when compared with the observations. This overprediction is within the time-dependent variability of ice formation and the uncertainties of temperature, water vapor, and vertical winds used to initialize the model.

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“…The first is the larger magnitude of the TEM circulation, compared to lower altitudes, before there is a turnaround in the direction of the circulation at higher altitudes, at which point the circulation changes from poleward and downward to poleward and upward (e.g. Lieberman et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2011). The turnaround point is at approximately 95 km in WACCM (Smith et al, 2011).…”

Section: Tendencies Of Co During Arctic Wintermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We investigate the reliability of using trace gas measurements from remote sensing instruments to infer polar atmospheric descent rates during winter within 46-86 km altitude. Using output from the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) between 2008 and 2014, tendencies of carbon monoxide (CO) volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are used to assess a common assumption of dominant vertical advection of tracers during polar winter. The results show that dynamical processes other than vertical advection are not negligible, meaning that the transport rates derived from trace gas measurements do not represent the mean descent of the atmosphere. The relative importance of vertical advection is lessened, and exceeded by other processes, during periods directly before and after a sudden stratospheric warming, mainly due to an increase in eddy transport. It was also found that CO chemistry cannot be ignored in the mesosphere due to the night-time layer of OH at approximately 80 km altitude. CO VMR profiles from the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer and the Microwave Limb Sounder were compared to SD-WACCM output, and show good agreement on daily and seasonal timescales. SD-WACCM CO profiles are combined with the CO tendencies to estimate errors involved in calculating the mean descent of the atmosphere from remote sensing measurements. The results indicate errors on the same scale as the calculated descent rates, and that the method is prone to a misinterpretation of the direction of air motion. The "true" rate of atmospheric descent is seen to be masked by processes, other than vertical advection, that affect CO. We suggest an alternative definition of the rate calculated using remote sensing measurements: not as the mean descent of the atmosphere, but as an effective rate of vertical transport for the trace gas under observation.

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Comparison of mesospheric and lower thermospheric residual wind with High Resolution Doppler Imager, medium frequency, and meteor radar winds

Abstract: Model and Input Fields

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

OH observations of space shuttle exhaust

OH observations of space shuttle exhaust

The polar mesospheric cloud mass in the Arctic summer

Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors

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