Comparison of metabolic risk factors, lipid indices, healthy eating index and physical activity among premenopausal, menopausal, and Postmenopausal women

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases with age in women, especially at menopause. Metabolic syndrome is one of the important factors that cause heart disease. Therefore, the importance screening of people at risk of this syndrome, especially with cheap tests, led to the introduction of new cardio metabolic indicators such as AIP, TyG and WWI. Also, due to the importance of healthy eating and physical activity in preventing metabolic syndrome, more emphasis should be placed on their use.Methods In this cross-sectional study, the number of 4732 women participating in the Hoveyzeh cohort study, after considering the entry and exit criteria, were placed into three groups: pre-menopausal (n = 736), menopausal (n = 396) and post-menopausal (n = 917).Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43.3%, 55.6%, and 62.8% in pre menopause, menopause, and post menopause, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension (50.2%), dyslipidemia (61.2%), diabetes (37.7%) and abdominal obesity according to the Iranian definition (75.9%) was higher after menopause than before menopause. Cardiovascular disease had the highest prevalence after menopause (23%). The WWI index had the highest OR among the indices with a value of 2.94 and 1.93 in menopause and after menopause, respectively. (P < 0.001). In the HEI-2015 survey, the consumption of total fruit, vegetables, seafood and protein in premenopausal women was more than after menopause, and the consumption of foods containing sugar in menopause was more than in premenopausal women. The amount of physical activity had the highest and lowest values ​​in pre menopause and post-menopause, respectively. (P < 0.001)Conclusion Menopause leads to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The indices of AIP, TyG index, WWI and physical activity increase in women after menopause compared to before menopause. TyG-INDEX ،WWI ،HEI-2015 healthy eating index in this study did not show significant differences between groups after multi-regression analysis.