Comparison of methods for estimating herbage intake in grazing dairy cows

Hellwing, Anne Louise Frydendahl; Lund, Peter; Weisbjerg, M.R.; Oudshoorn, Frank W.; Munksgaard, Lene; Kristensen, Troels

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.01.013

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Measurement of animal intakes on commercial dairy farms is critical for assessing within-farm nutrient flows and how the latter influence nutrient deposition and accumulation; as a means of identifying nutrient management points of intervention. Due to difficulties in measuring nutrient intake by grazing animals, a number of methods have been compared for measuring pasture DM intake [12,13,28], and while internal and external marker techniques are more suited to research, few approaches are ideal for use in commercial settings [29]. For instance, herbage disappearance methods, based on observation or use of methods such as the rising plate meter (RPM), were shown to be useful for measuring pasture intake by a herd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RPM also requires repeated calibration making it more difficult to deploy for rapid assessment of DMI on commercial farms. Methods based on animal performance provide estimates of animal intakes [12,13] that are at least as accurate as other more costly and time-consuming herbage methods [29]. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), has been used to evaluate effects of dietary changes on milk production, nutrient excretion and the economic impacts of these changes [15], and require inputs-many of which are not typically available on commercial dairy farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient Intake, Excretion and Use Efficiency of Grazing Lactating Herds on Commercial Dairy Farms

Aarons

Gourley

Powell

2020

Animals

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Estimating excreted nutrients is important for farm nutrient management, but seldom occurs on commercial grazing system farms due to difficulties in quantifying pasture intake. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) intake, excretion and use efficiency of 43 commercial dairy herds grazing pasture were calculated to understand the range in nutrient intake and excretion in these systems. Milk production, feed (grazed and supplement), as well as farm and herd management data were collected quarterly on representative farms located in temperate, arid, subtropical and tropical regions of Australia. Lactating herd sizes on these farms averaged 267 (30 to 1350) cows, with an average daily milk yield of 22 (9 to 36) kg/cow per day and the herds walked from <0.01 to 4 km/day on a variety of terrains. The mean total metabolizable energy (ME) required by cows in the herds was estimated to be 195 (116 to 289) MJ/cow per day. Although these farms are considered grazing systems, feeding strategies ranged from total dependence on pasture to total mixed rations (TMRTMR) and consisted of a wide variety of nutrient and energy contents. Mean pasture dry matter intake (DMI) (9 kg/cow per day, from 0.1 to 22 kg/cow per day) was just over half of total DMI. Dietary concentration of crude protein, P, K, S, Ca and Mg concentrations were, on average, 19%, 0.45%, 2.1%, 0.29%, 0.65%, and 0.3%, respectively, for all herds and, except for N, supplement nutrient concentrations were always more variable than pasture. Approximately 72% and 88% of diets provided greater than recommended P and N intakes, respectively. Calculated mean N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg excretions were 433, 61, 341, 44, 92 and 52 g/cow per day, respectively. Of the farm characteristics examined, residual maximum likelihood (REML) analysis indicated that daily excreted N, P and S were significantly related to per ha milk production, and excreted P, K and Mg were related to percentage of herd DMI provided as supplement. Mean use efficiencies by cows of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were 21%, 25%, 9%, 16%, 23% and 4%, respectively. These estimates of nutrient excretion and feed nutrient use efficiencies can be used to improve nutrient management on grazing system commercial dairy farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Intake, Excretion and Use Efficiency of Grazing Lactating Herds on Commercial Dairy Farms

Aarons

Gourley

Powell

2020

Animals

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“…When dairy cows received hay and fodder beet supplemented with lower amounts of GFLX (4.4 or 6.6% of the diet DM), milk yield also did not change compared with the control ration (Collomb et al, 2004). Petit and Côrtes (2010) reported similar milk yield, but decreased DMI with feeding a (Hellwing et al, 2015). 4 A fixed amount of a ground corn-soybean meal mix (61% ground corn plus 39% soybean meal; DM basis) or ground flaxseed was fed during the study.…”

Section: Animal Production and Serum Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Herbage allowance was calculated by multiplying pregrazing herbage mass (kg of DM/ha) times the daily pasture area (m 2 ) allocated to individual cows divided by 10,000 to convert from meters 2 to hectares. Herbage intake was determined according to Hellwing et al (2015) as follows:…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient utilization in grazing dairy cows supplemented with ground flaxseed

Isenberg

Soder

Pereira

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Flaxseed has been extensively used as a supplement for dairy cows because of its high concentrations of energy and the n-3 fatty acid (FA) cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3. However, limited information is available regarding the effect of ground flaxseed on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and nutrient utilization in grazing dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Jersey cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 111 ± 49 d in milk in the beginning of the study were used in a randomized complete block design to investigate the effects of supplementing herbage (i.e., grazed forage) with ground corn-soybean meal mix (control diet = CTRL) or ground flaxseed (flaxseed diet = FLX) on animal production, milk FA, ruminal metabolism, and nutrient digestibility. The study was conducted from June to September 2013, with data and sample collection taking place on wk 4, 8, 12, and 16. Cows were fed a diet formulated to yield a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio consisting of (dry matter basis): 40% cool-season perennial herbage, 50% partial total mixed ration, and 10% of ground corn-soybean meal mix or 10% ground flaxseed. However, estimated herbage DMI averaged 5.59 kg/d or 34% of the total DMI. Significant treatment by week interactions were observed for milk and blood urea N, and several milk FA (e.g., trans-10 18:1). No significant differences between treatments were observed for herbage and total DMI, milk yield, feed efficiency, concentrations and yields of milk components, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Total-tract digestibility of organic matter decreased, whereas that of neutral detergent fiber increased with feeding FLX versus CTRL. No treatment effects were observed for ruminal concentrations of total volatile FA and NH 3 -N, and ruminal proportions of acetate and propionate.Ruminal butyrate tended to decrease, and the acetateto-propionate ratio decreased in the FLX diet. Most saturated and unsaturated FA in milk fat were changed. Specifically, milk proportion of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3, Σn-3 FA, and Σ18C FA increased, whereas that of cis-9,cis-12 18:2, Σn-6 FA, Σ odd-chain FA, Σ<16C FA, and Σ16C FA decreased with feeding FLX versus the CTRL diet. In conclusion, feeding FLX did not change yields of milk and milk components, but increased milk n-3 FA. Therefore, costs and industry adoption of premiums for n-3-enriched milk will determine the adoption of ground flaxseed in pasture-based dairy farms.

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“…Ceci permet de pouvoir estimer les quantités ingérées sur un plus grand nombre d'animaux ou de pouvoir réaliser cette estimation sur des animaux au pâturage. De nombreuses études ont montré la capacité de la SPIR à doser directement certains de ces marqueurs dans les fèces tels que la lignine, les fibres indigestibles (I-NDF), les n-alcanes ou le polyéthylène glycol (Garnsworthy et Unal, 2004 ;Hellwing et al, 2015 ;Hassoun et al, 2016) en facilitant leur dosage chimique qui est souvent long, coûteux et laborieux.…”

Section: Application De La Spir Aux Fècesunclassified

La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des ressources alimentaires

et al. 2019

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Le pilotage des systèmes d’élevage en vue d’une optimisation technique, économique et environnementale passe par une formulation des rations de plus en plus précise et nécessite donc une connaissance fine des aliments consommés par les animaux. La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR), utilisée de façon croissante depuis les années 60, est une technique analytique permettant de caractériser rapidement des échantillons d’aliments ou de fourrages. Les premières applications concernaient la composition chimique des fourrages, mais il est également possible de développer des étalonnages pour une estimation de la valeur nutritive et de l’ingestion. Au-delà de ces mesures directes sur l’aliment, la SPIR peut être appliquée sur les fèces afin de caractériser l’alimentation d’animaux sur parcours. Le traitement conjoint des spectres des aliments et des fèces peut donner une vision de l’utilisation réellement faite des aliments par les animaux. D’autres utilisations possibles de la SPIR comme la traçabilité ou la classification des aliments ainsi que la reconnaissance botanique des végétaux dans les prairies sont aussi décrites. Les développements techniques actuels, et notamment la miniaturisation des spectromètres, permettent d’amener les instruments sur le terrain pour produire l’information au plus près de son utilisation. D’autres techniques spectroscopiques alternatives ou complémentaires à la SPIR comme la spectroscopie dans le moyen infrarouge, la spectroscopie Raman ou l’imagerie hyperspectrale permettront d’autres conditions de mesures et d’autres applications.

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Comparison of methods for estimating herbage intake in grazing dairy cows

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Nutrient Intake, Excretion and Use Efficiency of Grazing Lactating Herds on Commercial Dairy Farms

Nutrient Intake, Excretion and Use Efficiency of Grazing Lactating Herds on Commercial Dairy Farms

Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient utilization in grazing dairy cows supplemented with ground flaxseed

La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des ressources alimentaires

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