Comparison of microbial fermentation in the rumen of dairy cows and dual flow continuous culture

Mansfield, H.R.; Endres, Márcia I.; Stern, M. D.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)98202-8

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Visual observation supported the loss of protozoa; decreases in protozoa have previously been observed in our system (Mansfield et al, 1995) and in other rumen models (Slyter et al, 1964;Prevot et al, 1995). The most striking population change that occurred during the initial fermenter runs was the decreased Eukarya.…”

Section: System Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of microbial populations in model and natural rumens using 16S ribosomal RNA‐targeted probes

Ziemer

Sharp

Stern

et al. 2000

Environmental Microbiology

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A model rumen system, dual-flow continuous culture fermenters, was evaluated by two comparative criteria in two experiments using ribosomal (r)RNA-targeted DNA probes to compare key microbial groups in samples. The initial experiment measured temporal changes in population structure during adaptation of ruminal microbial populations in fermenters over 240 h. The fermenter inoculum contained 34.9% Bacteria, 60.1% Eukarya and 6.8% Archaea measured as a fraction of total small subunit (SSU) rRNA quantified using a universal probe. The cellulolytic bacterial genus Fibrobacter comprised 9.5% of total SSU rRNA in the inoculum. After 240 h of fermenter operation, the average abundance was 80.9% Bacteria, 6.1% Eukarya, 5.1% Archaea and Fibrobacter genus accounted for 6.6% of the total SSU rRNA. Divergence between ruminal and fermenter population structure was evaluated in the second experiment and samples were classified as ruminal, inoculum or fermenter (96, 120, 144 and 168 h of fermenter operation). Fermenter samples had higher relative abundances of Bacteria (84.5%) and Archaea (2.1%) and lower relative abundances of Eukarya (1.8%) than ruminal samples (average 48.0% Bacteria, 1.3% Archaea and 61.5% Eukarya). The relative abundance of Fibrobacter was similar in all samples, averaging 2.5%. The ruminal and fermenter samples had similar proportions of F. succinogenes and F. succinogenes subgroup 3 (as a percentage of Fibrobacter SSU rRNA). Fibrobacter succinogenes subgroup 1 and F. intestinalis proportions of Fibrobacter were lower in fermenter samples (8.2% and 0.7% respectively) than in ruminal samples (28.4% and 2.2% respectively). Fermenters were able to maintain a core prokaryotic community structure similar to the native microbial community in the rumen. Although protozoa populations were lost, maintenance of Fibrobacter and archaeal populations indicated that the model system supported a functional community structure similar to the rumen. This model rumen system may serve as a suitable tool for studying aspects of ruminal microbial ecology and may resolve some of the relationships between microbial community structure and function by providing control of experimental conditions.

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Section: System Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of microbial populations in model and natural rumens using 16S ribosomal RNA‐targeted probes

Ziemer

Sharp

Stern

et al. 2000

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Czerkawski et al (1966) found CH 4 reduction (27, 26 and 34%) caused by the infusion of 60 g/day of OA, LA and ALA, respectively, into the rumen of sheep fed dried hay. The ammonia concentration depends on ammonia use and release by a microbial population (Mansfield et al, 1995). Our results showed a decrease in NH 3 -N concentration in the effluent after FA supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effect of unsaturated C<sub>18</sub> fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids) on ruminal fermentation and production of fatty acids isomers in artificial rumen

Jalč¹,

Čertı́k²,

Kundrikova³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med.

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87The lipid composition of forages consists largely of glycolipids and phospholipids with major unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic (cis 9, 12 C 18:2 , LA) and α-linolenic (cis 9,12,15 C 18:3 , ALA) acid. On the contrary, the lipids of seed oils used in concentrated feedstuffs are composed of triglycerides containing LA and oleic acid (cis 9 C 18:1 , OA) as the predominant fatty acids (Bauman et al., 1999 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oleic (OA), linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic (ALA) acid used as supplements (3.5% wt/wt) to a diet containing 80% lucerne and 20% barley on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). The experiment lasted 12 days with 6 days of stabilization period. The fatty acid (FA) supplementation to a mixed diet did not affect any parameters of rumen fermentation (degradation of DM, NDF, ADF, total VFA production, production of acetate, propionate and butyrate). The methane production was decreased numerically (NS) by FA supplements (OA, LA, and ALA by about 8, 8.3 and 13.2%, respectively). The stoichiometric parameters of rumen fermentation such as N M (nitrogen incorporated by microflora), OMF (organic matter fermented) and EMS (efficiency of microbial protein synthesis) were affected by unsaturated C 18 FA to a different extent. EMS calculated from N M and OMF was significantly (P < 0.01) increased by OA, ALA and decreased (P < 0.01) by LA. The lipid metabolism was also affected by C 18 FA supplements. The concentration of total FA and proportion of LCFA (long chain fatty acids, > C 18:0 ) increased and proportion of MCFA (medium chain fatty acids, C 14:0 -C 17:0 ) decreased after OA, LA and ALA addition. The biohydrogenation (BH) of fatty acids was characterized by increased (NS) accumulation of stearic acid and trans isomers C 18:1 and lower SFA/UFA ratio in the effluent. The concentrations of two main BH intermediates, TVA (trans 11 C 18:1 ) and CLA (cis 9, trans 11 C 18:2 ), significantly (P < 0.001) increased (TVA -1.06, 1.29 and 1.10; CLA -0.32, 0.43 and 0.36 mg/g rumen fluid DM, respectively) after OA, LA and ALA supplementation compared to the control (TVA -0.7; CLA -0.23).

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“…These results and those of pH would indicate that a more stable fermentation took place in fermenters compared to that in vivo. Finally, although higher VFA concentrations could be expected in the in vitro systems compared to in vivo because of the lack of absorption in the former (Mansfield et al, 1995), in the present study total VFA concentrations in SFCCF were similar to those in vivo (128 and 119 mmol/l for diets F80 and F20, respectively; Carro et al, 2000), but Rusitec fermenters showed lower values with both diets. The higher 'feed/ruminal liquid' ratio used in SFCCF compared to that in Rusitec could partially explain the lower VFA concentrations found in Rusitec fermenters.…”

Section: Comparison Of In Vitro Systemscontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…Although both types of fermenters are used in many laboratories, there is no standardization among systems and direct comparisons between them have not been, to date, carried out. In addition, comparisons between in vivo -E-mail: mdcart@unileon.es and in vitro rumen fermentation are limited, and to the best of our knowledge all of them have been conducted in cows (Hannah et al, 1986;Mansfield et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of microbial fermentation of high- and low-forage diets in Rusitec, single-flow continuous-culture fermenters and sheep rumen

Carro

Ranilla

Martín-García

et al. 2009

Animal

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Eight Rusitec and eight single-flow continuous-culture fermenters (SFCCF) were used to compare the ruminal fermentation of two diets composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate in proportions of 80 : 20 (F80) and 20 : 80 (F20). Results were validated with those obtained previously in sheep fed the same diets. Rusitec fermenters were fed once daily and SFCCF twice, but liquid dilution rates were similar in both types of fermenters. Mean values of pH over the 12 h postfeeding were higher ( P , 0.001) in Rusitec than in SFCCF, with diet F80 showing higher values ( P , 0.001) in both types of fermenters. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were higher ( P , 0.001) in SFCCF than in Rusitec, and in both systems were higher ( P 5 0.002) for diet F20 than for diet F80. There were significant differences between systems in the proportions of the main VFA, and a fermentation system 3 diet interaction ( P , 0.001) was detected for all VFA with the exception of valerate. No differences ( P 5 0.145) between the two types of fermenters were detected in dry matter (DM) digestibility, but NDF, microbial N flow and its efficiency were higher ( P 5 0.001) in SFCCF compared to Rusitec. Whereas pH values and VFA concentrations remained fairly stable through the day in both in vitro systems, pH dropped and VFA increased shortly after feeding in sheep rumen reaching the minimum and maximal values, respectively, about 4 h after feeding. Both in vitro systems detected differences between diets similar to those found in sheep for liquid dilution rate, pH values, DM digestibility, microbial N flow and growth efficiency. In contrast, acetate/propionate ratios were lower for diet F20 than for F80 in sheep rumen (2.73 and 3.97) and SFCCF (3.07 and 4.80), but were higher for diet F20 compared to F80 (4.29 and 3.40) in Rusitec, with values considered to be unphysiological for high-concentrate diets. In vivo NDF digestibility was affected ( P 5 0.017) by diet, but no differences between diets ( P . 0.05) were found in any in vitro system. A more precise control of pH in both types of fermenters and a reduction of concentrate retention time in Rusitec could probably improve the simulation of in vivo fermentation.

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Comparison of microbial fermentation in the rumen of dairy cows and dual flow continuous culture

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

Comparison of microbial populations in model and natural rumens using 16S ribosomal RNA‐targeted probes

Comparison of microbial populations in model and natural rumens using 16S ribosomal RNA‐targeted probes

Effect of unsaturated C<sub>18</sub> fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids) on ruminal fermentation and production of fatty acids isomers in artificial rumen

Comparison of microbial fermentation of high- and low-forage diets in Rusitec, single-flow continuous-culture fermenters and sheep rumen

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