Comparison of Microfocus- and Synchrotron X-ray Tomography for the Analysis of Osteointegration around Ti6Al4V Implants

Bernhardt, Ricardo; Scharnweber, Dieter; Müller, Bert; Thurner, Philipp J.; Schliephake, Henning; Wyss, P.; Beckmann, Felix; Goebbels, Jürgen; Worch, H.

doi:10.22203/ecm.v007a05

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…lCT has also been used to quantify the bone contact area (apposition) between a solid non-porous implant and adjacent bone [17]. It is important to note however, that the application of lCT to quantify bone growth within porous metal implants is markedly different from quantification of bone contact to a solid (non porous) implant surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This represents a significant problem for metallic foams as the pore diameters are typically between 50 and 400 lm [ 18]. Reconstructed volumes are also affected by different hardware-related imaging artefacts, such as beam hardening from polychromatic X-ray sources and the reminiscence of the detector, which may impair the visualization of bone within distance up to 200 lm from the metal surface [17,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Baril

Lefebvre

Hacking

2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography Baril, É.; Lefebvre, L.-P.; Hacking, S. A.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Abstract The utility of porous metals for the integration of orthopaedic implants with host bone has been well established. Quantification of the tissue response to cementless implants is laborious and time consuming process requiring tissue processing, embedding, sectioning, polishing, imaging and image analysis. Micro-computed tomography (lCT) is a promising three dimensional (3D) imaging technique to quantify the tissue response to porous metals. However, the suitability and effectiveness of lCT for the quantification of bone ingrowth remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare bone growth within porous titanium implants using both lCT and traditional hard-tissue histology techniques. Cylindrical implants were implanted in the distal femora and proximal tibiae of a rabbit. After 6 weeks, bone ingrowth was quantified and compared by lCT, light microscopy and backscattered electron microscopy. Quantification of bone volume and implant porosity as determined by lCT compared well with data obtained by traditional histology techniques. Analysis of the 3D dataset showed that bone was present in the pores connected with openings larger 9.4 lm. For pore openings greater than 28.2 lm, the size of the interconnection had little impact on the bone density within the porosity for the titanium foams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Baril

Lefebvre

Hacking

2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…For hard tissue (bone) the relatively simple laboratory systems using bremsstrahlung are often well suited. But the quantitative analysis of bony tissue around Ti-explants already requires the monochromatic synchrotron radiation [1]. The microstructure or morphology of soft tissue and biological cells is much more difficult to visualize because the differences in absorption are extremely small.…”

Section: Abstract: Synchrotron Radiation Tomography Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Absorption-contrast synchrotron-radiation-based micro computed tomography in medicine, biology, and materials science

Müller¹

2006

Acta Cryst Sect A

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Keywords: 3D-image analysis, porous materials, characterizationIn materials' science, as well as in other research fields, the Euler number (or its density) is used as a characteristic describing the connectivity of the components (constituents) of a composite material or the pore space of a porous medium, see [1]. From a theoretical point of view the Euler number of a 3-dimensional set X in the Euclidean space is a basic quantity of integral geometry. By means of Crofton's intersection formulae, the intrinsic volumes (e.g. the surface area, the total length of curved fibres, the mean breadth of a particle, the integral of Germain's curvature) can be expressed in terms of the Euler numbers of intersections of X with lines and planes, respectively. This is the basis of the measurement of the quantities in 3d-image analysis. The observation of a set X on a homogeneous point lattice implies a discretization of the Crofton's formulas. This leads to an efficient expression of the intrinsic volumes as a scalar product of two vectors. The fist vector depends on the image. Its components (the frequencies of pixel configurations) can easily be measured by a marching cube method. The second vector is independent of the image. Its components depends on the lattice spacings (lateral resolution), the adjacency system assumed for the pixels and the quadrature rule applied in the numerical computation of the integrals occuring in Crofton's formulas [2,3]. The approach basing on Crofton's intersection formulas has clear advantages over other methods where the weights are determined more or less empirically. It leads to higher accuracy of measurement, it can be applied to a wide range of features and it supplies multigrid convergence under weak conditions for the discretization of the set X. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for a wide range of materials, e.g. open foams, fleeces and autoclaved aerated concrete.

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“…For example, in a recently published study, 89% matching in bone area measurements was observed comparing lCT slices with light microscopical sections [2]. On the other hand, metallic implants cause so-called streaking artifacts due to scattering of X-rays, which prevents an accurate evaluation of the interfacial bone-to-implant contact [3,4]. Although, the placement of an aluminum filter between detector and specimens can suppress this phenomenon, it cannot be completely avoided [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bone response to titanium-coated polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) implants by X-ray tomography

Shalabi

Wolke

Cuijpers

et al. 2007

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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High-resolution three-dimensional data about the bone response to oral implants can be obtained by using microfocus computer tomography. However, a disadvantage is that metallic implants cause streaking artifacts due to scattering of X-rays, which prevents an accurate evaluation of the interfacial bone-to-implant contact. It has been suggested that the use of thin titanium coatings deposited on polymeric implants can offer an alternative option for analyzing bone contact using micro-CT imaging. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to investigate bone behavior to titanium-coated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants by micro-CT and histological evaluation. For the experiment titanium-coated PMMA implants were used. The implants had a machined threaded appearance and were provided with a 400-500 nm thick titanium coating. The implants were inserted in the right or left tibia of 10 goats. After an implantation period of 12 weeks the implants were retrieved and prepared for micro-computer tomography (lCT), light microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis. The micro-CT showed that the screwthreads and typical implant configuration were well maintained through the installation procedure. Overall, histological responses showed that the titanium-coated implants were well tolerated and caused no atypical tissue response. In addition, the bone was seen in direct contact with the titanium-coated layer. The X-ray microanalysis results confirmed the light microscopical data. In conclusion, the obtained results proof the final use of titanium-coated PMMA implants for evaluation of the bone-implant response using lCT. However, this study also confirms that for a proper analysis of the bone-implant interface the additional use of microscopical techniques is still required.

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Comparison of Microfocus- and Synchrotron X-ray Tomography for the Analysis of Osteointegration around Ti6Al4V Implants

Cited by 97 publications

References 40 publications

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Absorption-contrast synchrotron-radiation-based micro computed tomography in medicine, biology, and materials science

Evaluation of bone response to titanium-coated polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) implants by X-ray tomography

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