Comparison of models describing the thermal lens effect

Carter, Christine A.; Harris, Joel M.

doi:10.1364/ao.23.000476

Cited by 171 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main advantage is that samples of the required dimensions can be easily built and that they are isotropic. In thermo-optical media, self-defocusing of the laser beam arises due to partial absorption of the beam, which results in heating effects and, thus, to a decrease in the refractive index [20,21]. Thermal nonlinearity is usually highly nonlocal, i.e., the change in refractive index at any position depends not only on the local intensity, but also on surrounding field intensities [22,23].…”

Section: Nonlocal Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids

Vocke

Roger

Marino³

et al. 2015

Optica

101

126

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Quantum gases of atoms and exciton-polaritons are now well-established theoretical and experimental tools for fundamental studies of quantum many-body physics and suggest promising applications to quantum computing. Given their technological complexity, it is of paramount interest to devise other systems where such quantum many-body physics can be investigated at lesser technological expense. Here we examine a relatively well-known system of laser light propagating through thermo-optical defocusing media: based on a hydrodynamic description of light as a quantum fluid of interacting photons, we investigate such systems as a valid room-temperature alternative to atomic or exciton-polariton condensates for studies of many-body physics. First, we show that by using a technique traditionally used in oceanography it is possible to perform a direct measurement of the single-particle part of the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations on top of the photon fluid and to detect its global flow. Then, using a pump-and-probe setup, we investigate the dispersion of excitation modes of the fluid: for very long wavelengths, a sonic, dispersionless propagation is observed that we interpret as a signature of superfluid behavior.

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Section: Nonlocal Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids

Vocke

Roger

Marino³

et al. 2015

Optica

101

126

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“…Later, Giglio and Verdramini 22 noticed that the thermal lens in a binary mixture was noticeably larger than in pure components. The first careful theoretical analysis of the TL effect was done by Norman et al 23 and Carter et al 24 . The thermal lens method has been used to study the sign of the Soret coefficient of ferrofluids 17 and to measure S T for ferrofluids 18 In many points the TDFRS and TL setups are comparable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Soret effect in aqueous and non-aqueous mixtures by the thermal lens technique

Polyakov

Wiegand

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In the present work we investigate the thermal diffusion behavior of three different binary mixtures with a thermal lens (TL) setup. In the setup used in this study we avoid the addition of a dye for systems, such as aqueous mixtures, with a weak absorption band at a wavelength of 980 nm. In some aqueous systems with a complex phase behavior the addition of dye significantly affects the apparent measured thermal diffusion properties. The studied systems are dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in water, the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate (EMIES) in butanol and a non-ionic surfactant hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C 12 E 6 ) in water. The Soret coefficients of the selected systems cover a range of two orders of magnitude. For DMSO in water with a very low Soret coefficient of the order of S T ∼ 10 −3 K −1 we find for a low DMSO content (c = 0.33) a reasonable agreement with previous measurements, while the weak thermal lens signal for the DMSO-rich mixture (c = 0.87) leads to 20% too large Soret coefficients with an uncertainty of more than 30%. Secondly we studied a liquid salt 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate (EMIES) in butanol with a roughly ten times higher Soret coefficient of S T ∼ 10 −2 K −1 .For this system we performed additional measurements with another experimental technique, the classical thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS), which requires the addition of a small amount of dye to increase the absorption. In the entire investigated concentration range the results obtained with the TL and classical TDFRS technique agree within the error bars. As a third system we studied a non-ionic surfactant hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C 12 E 6 ) in water with a Soret coefficient of the order of S T ∼ 10 −1 K −1 . For this system we find good agreement with previous measurements. We conclude that the TL technique is a reliable method for systems with a strong optical contrast and fairly large Soret coefficient of the order of S T ∼ 10 −2 K −1 .

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“…The ZS technique has been extensively used to investigate nonlinear properties of different materials [3][4][5][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The Sheik-Bahae formalism (SBF) assumes a local interaction between the sample and the radiation field, disregarding thermal (nonlocal) phenomena, which are considered in the thermal-lens model (TLM) proposed in the 1960s [18][19][20]. TLM assumes that when a weakly absorbing medium is illuminated by a laser beam, the energy from the light is converted into heat, which diffuses across the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the optical absorption of a magnetic colloid from the thermal to the electronic time-scale regime: measurement of the free-carrier absorption cross-section

et al. 2012

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2012Investigation of the optical absorption of a magnetic colloid from the thermal to the electronic time-scale regime: measurement of the free-carrier absorption cross-section JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B: OPTICAL PHYSICS, WASHINGTON, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 280-285, 2012 The free-carrier absorption cross-section σ of a magnetic colloid composed of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in oil is obtained by using the Z-scan technique in different experimental conditions of the laser beam. We show that it is possible to obtain σ with picosecond pulsed and millisecond chopped beams with pulse frequencies smaller than about 30 Hz. For higher pulse frequencies, the heating of the colloidal system triggers the appearance of the Soret effect. This effect artificially increases the value of σ calculated from the experimental results. The limits of the different experimental setups are discussed.

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Comparison of models describing the thermal lens effect

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids

Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids

Investigation of the Soret effect in aqueous and non-aqueous mixtures by the thermal lens technique

Investigation of the optical absorption of a magnetic colloid from the thermal to the electronic time-scale regime: measurement of the free-carrier absorption cross-section

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