Comparison of models used for national agricultural ammonia emission inventories in Europe: Liquid manure systems

Reidy, Beat; Webb, J.; Misselbrook, Tom; Menzi, H.; Luesink, H.H.; Hutchings, Nicholas J.; Eurich-Menden, Brigitte; Döhler, Helmut; Dämmgen, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.009

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar to other models used for recent national inventories (Reidy et al, 2008b(Reidy et al, , 2009, Agrammon is a comprehensive N-flux model (Bonjour et al, 2014).…”

Section: Emission Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of farm and manure management and their influence on ammonia emissions from agriculture in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010

Küpper

Bonjour²,

Menzi

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sWe modeled agricultural ammonia emissions in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010. Representative model inputs were produced by surveys on farm and manure management. Agricultural ammonia emissions decreased by 16% between 1990 and 2010. Severe changes in farm and manure management strongly influenced ammonia emissions. Operations counteracting emission mitigation may pose a challenge to regulators. a b s t r a c tThe evolution of farm and manure management and their influence on ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from agriculture in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010 was modeled. In 2010, total agricultural NH 3 emissions were 48,290 t N. Livestock contributed 90% (43,480 t N), with the remaining 10% (4760 t N) coming from arable and fodder crops. The emission stages of grazing, housing/exercise yard, manure storage and application produced 3%, 34%, 17% and 46%, respectively, of livestock emissions. Cattle, pigs, poultry, small ruminants, horses and other equids accounted for 78%, 15%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively, of the emissions from livestock and manure management. Compared to 1990, total NH 3 emissions from agriculture and from livestock decreased by 16% and 14%, respectively. This was mainly due to declining livestock numbers, since the emissions per animal became bigger for most livestock categories between 1990 and 2010. The production volume for milk and meat remained constant or increased slightly. Other factors contributing to the emission mitigation were increased grazing for cattle, the growing importance of low-emission slurry application techniques and a significant reduction in the use of mineral fertilizer. However, production parameters enhancing emissions such as animal-friendly housing systems providing more surface area per animal and total volume of slurry stores increased during this time period. That such developments may counteract emission mitigation illustrates the challenge for regulators to balance the various aims in the striving toward sustainable livestock production. A sensitivity analysis identified parameters related to the excretion of total ammoniacal nitrogen from dairy cows and slurry application as being the most sensitive technical parameters influencing emissions. Further improvements to emission models should therefore focus on these parameters.

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“…Similar to other models used for recent national inventories (Reidy et al, 2008b(Reidy et al, , 2009, Agrammon is a comprehensive N-flux model (Bonjour et al, 2014).…”

Section: Emission Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of farm and manure management and their influence on ammonia emissions from agriculture in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010

Küpper

Bonjour²,

Menzi

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…L ivestock slurry used as fertilizer is a source of NH 3 emissions that contributes between 30 and 50% of total emissions in European countries (Reidy et al, 2008). It is crucial to reduce these emissions because of their highly negative effects on the environment and on health, and because N losses through NH 3 emissions reduce the value of animal slurries as fertilizer.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Short‐term Study to Compare Field Strategies for Ammonia Emission Mitigation

et al. 2019

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Abatement of NH3 emissions is crucial in calcareous soils under semiarid Mediterranean climates. The aim of the study was to compare NH3 emissions using different slurry application methods. An experiment was performed on a clay loam soil to evaluate NH3 emissions before sowing and at winter cereal tillering. Pig slurry was applied using two methods, one that applied slurry by splashing it over a plate (SP), and another that applied slurry in strips using trail hoses (TH). Emissions were measured using semi‐static chambers at variable intervals for 12 to 13 d (315.5 h for sowing and 287 h for tillering). Maximum NH3 flux emissions were always observed during the earliest period of measurements after slurry spreading (3.5–5 h). Before sowing, regardless of the method, accumulated NH3 losses (during 315.5 h) ranged between 2 and 3 kg NH3–N ha−1 because of the low dry matter content of the slurry (<2%), which enhanced infiltration. Losses represented about 2 to 3% of the total N applied. At cereal tillering, average accumulated losses of NH3 (during 287 h) were 1.7 kg N ha−1 using TH (1.1% of total N applied) and were as high as 5.4 kg N ha−1 (3.2% of total N applied) using SP. Because N topdressing is recommended as a measure to increase its efficiency, TH is recommended over SP. Thus, this short‐term study concludes that TH may reduce NH3 emissions in semiarid environments. Further study of these strategies is recommended under different climate and soil conditions. Core Ideas NH3 emissions from slurry splash plate (SP) spreading can be <4% of the NH4+ applied. Trail hoses (TH) reduce NH3 emissions from slurries versus SP at cereal tillering. At sowing, low slurry dry matter bridges the gap in NH3 emissions between TH and SP.

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“…Over 90 % of anthropogenic ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions in Europe have agricultural sources (Erisman et al, 2008;Reidy et al, 2008;Hertel et al, 2011), of which 70-90 % have been estimated to be produced by livestock (Pain et al, 1998;Hutchings et al, 2001). In addition to decreasing nitrogen efficiency for farming systems, the volatilisation of NH 3 from agricultural areas is a principal factor in the formation of fine-fraction secondary aerosols due to its reactions with nitric and sulfuric acids in the atmosphere and upon deposition is linked to acidification and eutrophication of natural ecosystems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia emissions from a grazed field estimated by miniDOAS measurements and inverse dispersion modelling

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Ammonia (NH 3 ) fluxes were estimated from a field being grazed by dairy cattle during spring by applying a backward Lagrangian stochastic model (bLS) model combined with horizontal concentration gradients measured across the field. Continuous concentration measurements at field boundaries were made by open-path miniDOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments while the cattle were present and for 6 subsequent days. The deposition of emitted NH 3 to "clean" patches on the field was also simulated, allowing both "net" and "gross" emission estimates, where the dry deposition velocity (v d ) was predicted by a canopy resistance (R c ) model developed from local NH 3 flux and meteorological measurements. Estimated emissions peaked during grazing and decreased after the cattle had left the field, while control on emissions was observed from covariance with temperature, wind speed and humidity and wetness measurements made on the field, revealing a diurnal emission profile. Large concentration differences were observed between downwind receptors, due to spatially heterogeneous emission patterns. This was likely caused by uneven cattle distribution and a low grazing density, where "hotspots" of emissions would arise as the cattle grouped in certain areas, such as around the water trough. The spatial complexity was accounted for by separating the model source area into sub-sections and optimising individual source area coefficients to measured concentrations. The background concentration was the greatest source of uncertainty, and based on a sensitivity/uncertainty analysis the overall uncertainty associated with derived emission factors from this study is at least 30-40 %.Emission factors can be expressed as 6 ± 2 g NH 3 cow −1 day −1 , or 9 ± 3 % of excreted urine-N emitted as NH 3 , when deposition is not simulated and 7 ± 2 g NH 3 cow −1 day −1 , or 10 ± 3 % of excreted urine-N emitted as NH 3 , when deposition is included in the gross emission model. The results suggest that around 14 ± 4 % of emitted NH 3 was deposited to patches within the field that were not affected by urine or dung.

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Comparison of models used for national agricultural ammonia emission inventories in Europe: Liquid manure systems

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Evolution of farm and manure management and their influence on ammonia emissions from agriculture in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010

Evolution of farm and manure management and their influence on ammonia emissions from agriculture in Switzerland between 1990 and 2010

A Short‐term Study to Compare Field Strategies for Ammonia Emission Mitigation

Ammonia emissions from a grazed field estimated by miniDOAS measurements and inverse dispersion modelling

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