COMPARISON OF MODIFIED FLOTAC AND BAERMANN TECHNIQUES FOR QUANTIFYING LUNGWORM LARVAE IN FREE-RANGING BIGHORN SHEEP (<i>OVIS CANADENSIS</i>) FECES, MONTANA, USA

Snyder, Paul W.; Hogg, John T.; Ezenwa, Vanessa O.

doi:10.7589/2014-10-244

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Compared to the Baermann technique, FLOTAC cuts down the time for sample processing and provides higher counts of LPG [ 44 ]. However, when tested on bighorn sheep, FLOTAC’s performance in detecting mixed infections was poorer compared to the Baermann technique and the authors suggested that FLOTAC may be more useful in studies where total counts, and not taxonomic identity, are the primary objectives [ 56 ]. A quantitative method for the count of BPN larvae, based on a modified Baermann technique, was developed in a study on wild ruminants [ 57 ], and can be easily adapted to domestic ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of pools was evaluated only in one study each for Fasciola hepatica [ 29 ] and protostrongylids [ 30 ], respectively for cattle and sheep, but never with a quantitative objective, even though quantitative diagnostic methods exist for both parasite groups. In addition to the standard diagnostic techniques (FEC for liver flukes and Baermann for BPN), FLOTAC was also recently validated for both liver flukes and bronchopulmonary nematodes [ 44 , 84 ], but further field testing is needed for a better comparison between these techniques [ 56 ]. For liver flukes, FEC remains the main diagnostic technique, but several other techniques are available in parallel and will probably be increasingly used in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Monitoring of Selected Groups of Parasites in Domestic Ruminants: A Comparative Review

2021

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Parasites have had a significant impact on domestic ruminant health and production for a long time, but the emerging threat of drug resistance urgently requires an improved approach to parasite monitoring and control activities. The study reviewed the international literature to analyze the different proposals for the sampling approach and the quantitative estimation of parasite burdens in groups of animals. Moreover, the use of thresholds to decide when and which animal to treat was also investigated. The findings of the study highlighted the presence of a wide-ranging literature on quantitative monitoring for gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), while more limited data were found for coccidia, and no specific indications were reported for tapeworms. Concerning liver flukes, bronchopulmonary nematodes (BPN) and permanent ectoparasites (lice and mange mites), the diagnostic process is usually aimed at the detection of the parasite rather than at the burden estimation. The main research gaps that need further investigation were also highlighted. For some groups of parasites (e.g., GIN and coccidia) the quantitative approach requires an improved standardization, while its usefulness needs to be confirmed for others (e.g., BPN and lice). The development of practical guidelines for monitoring is also encouraged.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Monitoring of Selected Groups of Parasites in Domestic Ruminants: A Comparative Review

2021

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“…The Baermann technique was used to extract A. cantonensis L1 in rat faeces [ 17 , 18 ]. A wet preparation slide with a coverslip was made and viewed using conventional light microscopy using the 10× objective lens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Removal of Angiostrongylus cantonensis Larvae from the Central Nervous System of Rats 7- and 14-Days Post-Infection Using a Product Containing Moxidectin, Sarolaner and Pyrantel Embonate (Simparica Trio™) in Experimental Infections

et al. 2023

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode with an indirect lifecycle, using molluscs as intermediate hosts. Rats are the definitive host. By administering a suitable anthelmintic, at an appropriate interval, the risk of clinical neuroangiostrongyliasis occurring in paratenic hosts (e.g., dogs, man) can be eliminated. We wanted to determine if infective larvae (L3) of A. cantonensis can be safely killed during their migration through the central nervous system (CNS) by oral administration of an anthelmintic combination containing moxidectin (480 µg/kg, Simparica Trio™; M-S-P), thereby preventing patent infections in rats. Eighteen rats were used: ten received oral M-S-P every four weeks; eight rats were used as controls. Rats were initially given M-S-P as a chew to eat, but an acquired food aversion meant that subsequent doses were given by orogastric lavage. All 18 rats were challenged once or twice with approximately 30 L3 A. cantonensis larvae via orogastric lavage. Infection status was determined by faecal analysis using the Baermann technique and necropsy examination of the heart, pulmonary arteries and lungs. Eight out of ten rats dosed with M-S-P had zero lungworms at necropsy; a single female worm was detected in each of the remaining two rats. No treated rats had L1 larvae in faeces. In contrast, all eight controls were infected with patent infections, with a median of 14.5 worms per rat detected at necropsy. The difference in infection rates was significant (two tailed Fishers Exact; p = 0.0011). Moxidectin given orally once every month killed migrating larvae before they reached the pulmonary arteries in 80% of treated rats, while in 20%, only a single female worm was present. Considering the short half-life of moxidectin in the rat, it is likely that the effectiveness of moxidectin is due to larvicidal action on migrating L3, L4 and L5 larvae in the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space, either 7 days (L3/L4 in cerebrum and spinal cord) or 14 days (L4/L5 in cerebrum and subarachnoid space) after inoculation. This study is a prelude for future research to determine if monthly moxidectin administration orally as M-S-P could prevent symptomatic neuroangiostrongyliasis in dogs.

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COMPARISON OF MODIFIED FLOTAC AND BAERMANN TECHNIQUES FOR QUANTIFYING LUNGWORM LARVAE IN FREE-RANGING BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS) FECES, MONTANA, USA

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Quantitative Monitoring of Selected Groups of Parasites in Domestic Ruminants: A Comparative Review

Quantitative Monitoring of Selected Groups of Parasites in Domestic Ruminants: A Comparative Review

Successful Removal of Angiostrongylus cantonensis Larvae from the Central Nervous System of Rats 7- and 14-Days Post-Infection Using a Product Containing Moxidectin, Sarolaner and Pyrantel Embonate (Simparica Trio™) in Experimental Infections

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