Comparison of morning and afternoon exercise training for asthmatic children

Abstract

Fitness improvement was used to compare morning with afternoon exercise periods for asthmatic children. Children with persistent moderate asthma (according to GINA criteria), 8 to 11 years old, were divided into 3 groups: morning training group (N = 23), afternoon training group (N = 23), and non-training group (N = 23). The program was based on twice a week 90-min sessions for 4 months. We measured the 9-min running distance, resting heart rate and abdominal muscle strength (sit-up number) before and after the training. All children took budesonide, 400 µg/day, and an on demand inhaled ß-agonist. The distance covered in 9 min increased (mean ± SEM) from 1344 ± 30 m by 248 ± 30 m for the morning group, from 1327 ± 30 m by 162 ± 20 m for the afternoon group, and from 1310 ± 20 m by 2 ± 20 m for the control group (P < 0.05 for the comparison of morning and afternoon groups with the control group by ANOVA and P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison). The reduction of resting heart rate from 83 ± 1, 85 ± 2 and 86 ± 1 bpm was 5.1 ± 0.8 bpm in the morning group, 4.4 ± 0.8 bpm in the afternoon group, and -0.2 ± 0.7 bpm in the control group (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). The number of situps in the morning, afternoon and control groups increased from 22.0 ± 1.7, 24.3 ± 1.4 and 23 ± 1.1 sit-ups by 9.8 ± 0.9, 7.7 ± 1.4, and 1.9 ± 0.7 sit-ups, respectively (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). No statistically significant differences were detected between the morning and afternoon groups in terms of physical training of asthmatic children.

Exercise training in children with asthma: a systematic review

“…Seven studies used a training programme that consisted of swimming training 36 39 48 49 50 – 52 and 16 studies used other aerobic physical training, such as basketball, running, soccer or cycle ergometer training 2 3 26 28 29 31 32 – 35 37 40 – 44. Four studies used swimming training as well as other aerobic physical training 30 45 – 47, while one study used Tai Chi Chuan training 27 and another study used respiratory therapy as a type of training 38. The duration of the programmes ranged from 6 weeks to 20 months, except for the intervention of Dean et al 29 which only lasted for 5 days.…”

“…The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured with an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer or treadmill,2 26 28 30 – 33 37 39 41 43 47 – 49 5/6 minute continuous running test,34 a steady-state submaximal exercise test35 or at resting condition 45. Ten studies determined the training effect on maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) (online supplementary Web only file 1) 2 26 28 32 – 34 37 41 48 49.…”

“…It is important to individualise the training intensity for each individual. Some studies used the same training intensity for all individuals, which could have decreased the effectiveness of training in these studies 2 29 30 36 40 45 51. To improve oxygen uptake, the training intensity should be set at the (personalised) ventilatory threshold 31 54.…”

Asthma bronchiale und belastungsinduzierte Bronchokonstriktion

“…Bewegungsabstinenz verstärkt die Asthmasymptome, fördert die weitere Dekonditionierung der Atemwege und führt zu einem schlechteren gesundheitlichem Verlauf. Keinen körperlichen Aktivitäten nachzugehen, schlägt sich auch auf die allgemeine Lebensqualität nieder; zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass ein Mangel an Bewegung vor allem im frühen Jugendalter eine sozial isolierende Auswirkung haben können [14,40,41]. Eine Übersichtsarbeit von Carson et al [3] aus dem Jahr 2013 kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass Bewegung von Asthmapatienten insgesamt gut vertragen wird und zu empfehlen ist, da keine unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen der Aktivität in Bezug auf die Asthmasymptome festzustellen waren.…”

Asthma Bronchiale and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

“…Abstinence from exercise worsens asthma symptoms, causes further deconditioning of the airways and results in poorer health outcomes for these individuals. Not participating in exercise also takes a toll on overall quality of life, with many studies showing that lack of engagement in physical exercise, particularly in the early adolescent years, can have a socially isolating impact on individuals [14,40,41]. A review published by Carson et al [3] in 2013 found that exercise was overall well tolerated amongst asthmatic patients and recommended that it should be promoted as no adverse side effects were found in relation to asthma symptoms due to exercise.…”