Comparison of morphological and physiological parameters of the planting material of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) from intensive nursery technologies with current bareroot plants

Leugner, J.; Martincová, J.

doi:10.17221/21/2009-jfs

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Seedling quality is strongly associated with several morphological and physiological attributes of roots, stems, and leaves. It can be influenced by stock types, such as bare-root or container-grown [5][6][7], and nursery cultivation practices [8][9][10][11]. It is crucial to plant seedlings with attributes suited to the environment to achieve better performance after planting [3,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Summer Planting Survival of Japanese Larch Container-Grown Seedlings

Harayama

Tobita

Kitao

et al. 2021

Forests

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A previous study revealed low survival rates for Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) summer-planted seedlings grown in Hiko-V-120 containers. This study examines nursery practices that could potentially prevent deterioration of the seedling water balance after planting to improve the survival rate of this species, which has a low drought tolerance. During summer planting, we tested (1) drought hardening or high-potassium fertilization for two months before planting, (2) antitranspirant or topping treatment at planting, and (3) the use of the JFA-150 container with a larger capacity and lower growing density than the Hiko-V-120 container. Drought hardening increased seedling drought tolerance because of the low leaf:root ratio, due to lower leaf mass production, resulting in increased survival from 74% to 93% in Hiko-V-120 containers. When JFA-150 containers were used, the leaf:root ratio was lower because of higher root mass, resulting in an increase in survival to 87%, with the highest survival of 97% when combined with drought hardening. The application of antitranspirant increased survival to over 90%, whereas topping did not, probably because of severer competition from weeds. High-potassium fertilization did not affect seedling traits or survival. For better survival of summer-planted container-grown Japanese larch seedlings, it is recommended that they be grown in containers providing sufficient cell volume and density for root growth while the seedlings are in the nursery and that irrigation be withheld for two months before planting. In addition, to obtain higher survival, an antitranspirant can be applied at planting at a cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Summer Planting Survival of Japanese Larch Container-Grown Seedlings

Harayama

Tobita

Kitao

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…However, significantly lower values of Hi recorded for BRT two years after planting as well as slightly lower survival rates compared to CRT one year after planting suggest on better early adaptation ability of CRT on planting site conditions in this study. In spite of prevailing size gap between commercially produced spruce CRT and BRT transplants (Leugner et al 2009;Jäärats et al 2016;Repáč et al 2017), growth increment or initial survival of CRT corresponding or slightly outperforming BRT during early years after planting have been observed also by Repáč & Belko (2020), Renou-Wilson et al (2008, Klavina et al (2013) or Jäärats et al (2016). According to Grossnickle & El-Kassaby (2016) better ability of CRT compared to BRT to overcome transplant shock under field conditions is related to crucial feature of CRT seedlings, well developed root system concentrated within the root plug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…According to Grossnickle & El-Kassaby (2016) better ability of CRT compared to BRT to overcome transplant shock under field conditions is related to crucial feature of CRT seedlings, well developed root system concentrated within the root plug. Root plug of CRT seedlings protect root system before damage, provide favourable conditions for growth of new roots, as well as residues of water and mineral nutrients from nursery cultivation period, that are further available for transplants also under field conditions (Idris et al 2004;Leugner et al 2009;Grossnickle & El-Kassaby 2016). However, once a larger and more developed spruce BRT overcome planting check and become established, larger biomass of assimilatory organs, roots and other structures enable BRT transplant to accumulate more supplies required for growth and then produce also larger biomass increment (Hytönen & Jylhä 2008;Grossnickle & El-Kassaby 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, for Norway spruce, satisfaction of fluctuating demand for reproductive material is hampered also by the length of four-year period used for cultivation of the bareroot transplants, the most commonly planted Norway spruce stocktype in Slovakia (Repáč et al 2017;Bruchánik 2020). However, four-year old bareroot seedlings of Norway spruce with high survival rates as well as sufficient growth after planting represent reliable technology of this tree species establishment under conditions of planting sites situated in Central Europe, (Leugner et al 2009;Koňasová et al 2011, Repáč & Belko 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of technologies enabling acquirement of forest tree species planting material of desirable quality within reduced time period resulted for Norway spruce into conceptualization of new procedures and techniques that were capable to produce morphologically enough developed spruce transplants within one growing season (containerized seedlings) (Leugner et al 2009;Landis et al 2010;Zahradník et al 2018). Besides shorter period required for cultivation of containerized compared to bareroot spruce transplants, containerized transplants have also other benefits including: lower risk of root system damage, lower susceptibility to growth check, better survival and growth after planting (Leugner et al 2009;Grossnickle & El-Kassaby 2016). On the other hand, shortened cultivation cycle of planting material in container nurseries have also constrains related to lower flexibility of equipment demanding technology (greenhouses with regulated water and nutrient regime, storage places, cultivation trays etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Norway spruce artificial regeneration techniques tested in the area destroyed by spruce bark beetle in Kysuce Region (Slovakia)

Tučeková,

Belko,

Longauerová

et al. 2024

Central European Forestry Journal

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Ongoing coniferous monocultures decline in Beskydy Mts. Slovakia, emerged into establishment of Demonstration object of reconstruction of spruce forests (DORS) Husárik, focused on various technological processes of regeneration of economically important tree species. For Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) assessment of less frequently used artificial regeneration technologies, including planting of containerized transplants (CRT) or direct seeding procedures (direct seeding DS, seeding into vegetation cell VCS) and commonly used planting of bareroot transplants (BRT) was carried out. Seven years after experimental plot establishment, the lowest survival rate was recorded for DS treatment with 42% survived seedlings, the highest for CRT treatment with 79% survived transplants. For germinated seedlings, average seeding spot occupation rate recorded for DS (72%) was significantly lower than for VCS (98%) one year after seeding and remained significantly lower also over further consecutive years. Average survival recorded for planted transplants over monitored period did not differ markedly and gradually decreased to 76% for BRT and 79% for CRT. Reflecting different ontogenetic stage of individuals assigned to selected treatment average height 134.6 cm for DS, 134.1 cm for VCS and 182.0 cm for CRT, 215.0 cm for BRT was recorded seven years after establishment. The results suggest that for spruce, less frequently used artificial regeneration technologies (VCS, CRT), that markedly curtail time period required for target tree species installation on planting sites, with survival and growth rate of plants recorded in this study, could provide reasonable alternative to commonly used planting of BRT.

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