Comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae

Monahan, Clifton M.; Chapman, Melanie R.; Taylor, Hermon; French, Dennis D.; Klei, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(95)00910-8

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The proposed treatments based upon the larvicidal treatment in late winter could lead to all animals being treated less frequently, in January (February) and as the case may be in autumn. The benefit of moxidectin higher activity against encysted cyathostome larvae shown in the study by Monohan et al (1996) and favourable comparison with the control groups in this study demonstrated that moxidectin is a promising alternative to ivermectin in the control of cyathostome parasites of horses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Comparative studies of early season moxidectin treatment and conventional ivermectin/ benzimidazole treatments in the control of cyathostomes in horses

Langrová¹,

Jankovská²,

Borovský³

2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Moxidectin administered in January or February at a single dose was tested for efficacy in horses on two farms for 12 and 11 months, respectively. Horses were infected with cyathostomes naturally in the previous grazing period. Forty horses of farm 1 and 20 horses of farm 2 were used in controlled tests to evaluate the efficacy of moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight, ivermectin commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg of live weight, mebendazole and fenbendazole commercial paste formulation at the dosage both 7.5 mg mebendazole and fenbendazole per kg of live weight, all applied orally. Three control groups of 10 horses each (farm 1) were treated twice a year with ivermectin and benzimidazoles, respectively. Individual faecal egg counts, faecal cultures and larval differentiation were performed. Moxidectin had more prolonged and greater suppressive effects on the post-treatment reappearance and magnitude of strongyle egg counts than did ivermectin or benzimidazoles. In the moxidectin treated group (M1) strongyle eggs were seen for the first time in April and a slight increase in the mean count of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was observed during the rest of the season. Litter larval counts significantly reflected levels of exposure during the tested season. Twenty animals of farm 2 were allocated into two groups of ten horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (EPG) counts (moxidectin treated group and control group). In the moxidectin treated group mean egg counts remained very low throughout the study. A plateau was reached by autumn, with egg counts ranging from 74 to 145 EPG. The faecal egg counts of moxidectin treated group (M2) were significantly higher in March, April, May and June.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Comparative studies of early season moxidectin treatment and conventional ivermectin/ benzimidazole treatments in the control of cyathostomes in horses

Langrová¹,

Jankovská²,

Borovský³

2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…This difference between the ivermectin-and moxidectin treated animals can be explained by a higher efficacy of moxidectin against mucosal stages as shown in other studies (9,11), or by a much longer residual effect of moxidectin compared with that of ivermectin. The presence of one S. vulgaris L3 in the culture of the moxidectin treated animals in week 9 can be explained by the fact that although moxidectin is highly effective against migrating larvae of S. vulgaris, it is not completely effective against these stages, as was shown by Lyons et al (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The reappearance of strongyle eggs in the faeces of horses after treatment with moxidectin

Boersema¹,

Eysker²,

Aar

1998

Veterinary Quarterly

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Feraud JP, Richard S, and Poueymidou-Bergitte C. Assessments of faeces analysis carried out on dogs recruited by French armies. Rev Med Vet 1989; 139: 1023-5. Toxocara canis in dogs: effect of benzimidazole-carbamate anthelmintics on various developmental stages of the parasite. J Small Anim Pract 1983; 24: 763-8. SUMMARYThe reappearance of strongyle eggs in the faeces of horses treated with moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg of body weight) was compared with that in the faeces of horses treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg of body weight). The study was performed from December 1995 till June 1996. Horses were infected naturally in the preceding grazing period. Two groups of 24 horses each were treated with moxidectin and ivermectin respectively at week 0. No side effects were seen after treatment. Horses were housed from week -1 till week 17. From week 17 onwards the horses were on pasture. Faecal samples were taken from each horse at week -1, week 0 and weekly from week 3 to week 25. The ivermectin treated horses had to be retreated in week 17 to prevent pasture contamination. For this reason this group was withdrawn from the trial in week 17. Individual faecal egg counts and group faecal cultures and larval differentiation were performed. In the Ivermectin treated group strongyle eggs were seen for the first time after treatment in week 8. A steady rise in the mean number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) was seen from week 8 till week 15. After week 15 a plateau was reached. In the moxidectin treated group mean egg counts remained very low throughout the study. A plateau was reached in week 19, with egg counts varying from 10 to 30 EPG between week 19 and week 25. The difference between the egg output after moxidectin-and lvertnectin treatments can be explained by a higher efficacy of moxidectin against mucosal stages or by a longer residual effect of moxidectin than ivermectin.

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“…Thiabendazole-resistant cyathostomins were first reported in 1965 (Drudge and Lyons 1965) and pyrantel resistance was reported in 1996 (Chapman et al 1996).…”

Section: Anthelmintic Resistance: What Has Been Reported In New Zealamentioning

confidence: 98%

Anthelmintic resistance in equine helminth parasites – a growing issue for horse owners and veterinarians in New Zealand?

Scott

Bishop²,

Pomroy

2015

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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There is growing concern that given the high frequency with which anthelmintics are being administered to many horses, anthelmintic resistance amongst equine helminth populations will be an increasing problem, rendering many of the currently available products unusable with little prospect of new products becoming available, at least in the near future. Worldwide, much reliance has been placed on the macrocyclic lactone (ML) group of anthelmintics, but resistance has been reported to these products as well as to the two other major anthelmintic classes used in this species, the benzimidazoles (BZ) and the tetrahydropyrimidines (e.g. pyrantel). In New Zealand, resistance has been reported to the ML and BZ groups, but not yet to pyrantel. As an alternative to interval-based anthelmintic regimens, the highly overdispersed nature of parasite populations in horses can be utilised to decide whether treatment is required, based on whether or not animals exceed a predetermined level of shedding of parasite eggs. If well managed, such a targeted and selective approach can be utilised to eliminate the majority of egg output whilst still providing a refuge for susceptible parasites to persist. Such a system would require that an adequate standard of monitoring be in place and cognisance needs to be taken of parasites or their lifecycle stages that cannot be diagnosed by routine methods. At the same time, using anthelmintics with high levels of efficacy, avoiding practices such as under-dosing, as well as utilising non-chemical means of parasite control when possible, e.g. regular removal of faeces from pasture, should all be considered. Combinations of anthelmintics, specifically of anthelmintics that target the same or a similar spectrum of parasite species, should play an important role in parasite control in horses. As well as providing arguably the highest levels of efficacy, combinations may also slow the rate at which anthelmintic resistance develops.

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Comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Comparative studies of early season moxidectin treatment and conventional ivermectin/ benzimidazole treatments in the control of cyathostomes in horses

Comparative studies of early season moxidectin treatment and conventional ivermectin/ benzimidazole treatments in the control of cyathostomes in horses

The reappearance of strongyle eggs in the faeces of horses after treatment with moxidectin

Anthelmintic resistance in equine helminth parasites – a growing issue for horse owners and veterinarians in New Zealand?

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